“…As a response to the urgent demand for more accurate and reliable detection, here the gene segments of NoV GII was specifically employed as the model target [39]. In spite of their high sensitivity, earlier reports like electron microscopy [40,41], immunology-based detection (radioimmunoassay (RIA) [42,43], enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) [44,45]) and nucleic acids biomarkers detection based on gene amplification techniques (PCR [46,47], nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (NASBA) [48,49], LAMP [50,51]) always lack of specificity and false positive results can easily arise. Herein, the powerful exponential amplification of LAMP results in ultrasensitive NoV gene detection with a detection limit of 30 copies, while the HCR gives rise to very good specificity and reliable signal changes in all kinds of readouts.…”