Development of Models for Children—Pedestrian Crossing Speed at Signalized Crosswalks

Otković, Irena Ištoka; Deluka-Tibljaš, Aleksandra; Šurdonja, Sanja; Campisi, Tiziana

doi:10.3390/su13020777

Cited by 19 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 38 publications

(46 reference statements)

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“…Table 5 compares the crossing time at the three signalized intersections in the two conditions and the mean value. It can be seen that while checking their phones, participants moved only slightly slower, taking on average 0.29 s longer to complete their passage, confirming the results of [9], which highlight a smaller impact of phone use on crossing time and speed than on reaction time. When plotting the crossing time in Figure 3, it was found that the range of crossing time when walking with the phone was between 8 s and 11 s, with a peak at 10 s when participants checked their phones.…”

Section: Crossing Time and Crossing Speedsupporting

confidence: 72%

“…Starting from video recordings of different locations, they analyzed the recalled magnitudes and found mean crossing speeds of 1.45, 1.50 and 1.72 m•s −1 , respectively, for the three locations they studied. In their study [9], Ištoka Otković et al developed a model of pedestrian crossing speeds at signalized intersections and analyzed the influence of 14 factors (both individual and infrastructure-related) on the considered characteristic. Looking specifically at children, they found a mean crossing speed of 1.36 m•s −1 .…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Safety Analysis of Young Pedestrian Behavior at Signalized Intersections: An Eye-Tracking Study

2021

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Smartphones have become an integral part of our everyday lives and keep us busy while doing other primary activities such as driving, cycling or walking in traffic. The problem of digital distraction among drivers has been largely addressed, and interest is growing also on vulnerable road users as well. In fact, high percentages of pedestrians and cyclists are accustomed to checking their devices while moving in traffic. This research links to the presented theme and aims to investigate the extent to which digital distraction in the form of social media app checking influences pedestrian behavior. The focus of the study is specifically on signalized intersections. An outdoor, eye-tracking experiment was conducted on a specific route consisting of various elements typical of urban areas. Participants were asked to walk the predefined route twice, encountering three signalized intersections: the first time they were asked to walk with their smartphone in hand, the second time without. The recordings of each participant’s route were then analyzed, examining reaction time, crossing time and speed, fixations and gaze paths. The results show a clear impact of digital devices on pedestrians’ attention by increasing their reaction and crossing times and decreasing crossing speeds. In addition, the analysis of fixations found that 82.54% of the time was devoted to the smartphone, while interest in other street elements decreased from 16.64% to 4.03%.

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Section: Crossing Time and Crossing Speedsupporting

confidence: 72%

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Safety Analysis of Young Pedestrian Behavior at Signalized Intersections: An Eye-Tracking Study

2021

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“…Road traffic injury is the leading cause of death among children, and is the fourth leading cause of death in children between the age of 5 and 14 years [1][2][3]. Children are highly involved in these statistics as they have a share of 38% in the total number of pedestrian fatalities [4].…”

Section: Introduction 1traffic Accidents Among Childrenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Child Pedestrian Safety: Study of Street-Crossing Behaviour of Primary School Children with Adult Supervision

et al. 2022

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Road traffic accidents are the primary cause of injuries and fatalities among children. The current study focuses on children’s (un)safe crossing behaviour in a real traffic situation accompanied by an adult at a crosswalk in front of their school. The study aims to investigate if there are differences in crossing behaviour related to road infrastructure (i.e., one-way and two-way street, elevated and non-elevated street crossing), the gender of the child, and the effect of the accompanying adult’s behaviour on the child’s crossing behaviour. Primary school children from two urban schools in Flanders (Belgium) were observed for three days while crossing the street in front of their school in the morning and afternoon. A total of 241 child–adult pairs were observed. Descriptive analysis, Pearson chi-square tests, and binary logistic regression models were used to find differences between groups. More than half of the crossings exhibited two or more unsafe behaviours. Not stopping at the curb before crossing was the most unsafe behaviour, exhibited by 47.7% of children; not looking for oncoming traffic before and during the crossing was the second most unsafe behaviour, exhibited by 39.4% of the children. The only difference between boys’ and girls’ crossing behaviour was in stopping at the curb with girls 1.901 times more likely to stop before crossing as compared to boys. Adults holding hands of the child resulted in safer behaviours by children. The children not holding hands displayed significantly riskier behaviour in running or hopping while crossing the street and being distracted. The study reinforces the need to improve the transportation system through infrastructural interventions (elevated crosswalks), as well as educating and training children and the parents on safe crossing behaviour in traffic.

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“…The increased use of cars has resulted in a considerable decrease in daily activity among children [4,5]. The importance of walkability in urban planning must be considered, because pedestrian movement is a significant part of urban mobility [6]. The research and analysis of walkability have been the focus of several studies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of the Cairo Streets Development Project on the Independent Mobility of Children: A Field Study on the Streets of Heliopolis, Egypt

et al. 2021

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Due to significant changes in Cairo’s streets today, young children may face difficulties finding opportunities to be safe and active. They can encounter low independent mobility, limiting their access to places in their neighborhoods, and can have poor access to their schools. This study aims to examine governmental primary school children’s access to schools in their neighborhoods after street modifications in Heliopolis, Cairo, seeking to evaluate the potential risks to child pedestrians. This will subsequently aid in developing a methodology for consistently and fairly evaluating hazards along the route to schools. A survey of six governmental primary schools in Heliopolis, Cairo, was conducted through interviews with children and their parents. Furthermore, a behavioral map of the local neighborhood was completed by children (7–12 years old) of six primary schools from the areas surrounding their schools in which the modifications took place. The results indicate that the most common ways of travelling to school, according to the questionnaire, are either by public transportation (30%) or by a small van/private bus (42%). More than half of the children expressed their wish to walk or cycle to school. The result also found that 69% of the children expressed anxiety about crossing streets. In conclusion, for some children, opportunities to be active in the local neighborhood may be limited due to the new modifications to the streets, resulting in limited independent mobility. To promote a sense of neighborhood safety and increase access to neighborhood public spaces, it is important to work with urban planners and local governments.

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Development of Models for Children—Pedestrian Crossing Speed at Signalized Crosswalks

Cited by 19 publications

References 38 publications

Safety Analysis of Young Pedestrian Behavior at Signalized Intersections: An Eye-Tracking Study

Safety Analysis of Young Pedestrian Behavior at Signalized Intersections: An Eye-Tracking Study

Child Pedestrian Safety: Study of Street-Crossing Behaviour of Primary School Children with Adult Supervision

The Impact of the Cairo Streets Development Project on the Independent Mobility of Children: A Field Study on the Streets of Heliopolis, Egypt

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