Development of mismatch amplification mutation assays for the differentiation of MS1 vaccine strain from wild-type Mycoplasma synoviae and MS-H vaccine strains

Kreizinger, Zsuzsa; Sulyok, Kinga M.; Grózner, Dénes; Bekő, Katinka; Dán, Ádám; Szabó, Z. G.; Gyuranecz, Miklós

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0175969

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The MS1 vaccine, which is well known to be NAD-independent, is presumed to have a different mechanism for its NAD-independent nature. The MS1 vaccine was developed by in vitro passaging of type strain ATCC 25204 (WVU1853) under laboratory conditions [8]. Because this type of strain is a parent strain of the MS1 vaccine, NAPRT or GPAT will not be present in the genome of the MS1 vaccine.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genome Analysis of Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide-Independent Mycoplasma synoviae Isolates From Korea

Song

Kim

et al. 2021

Pathogens

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Mycoplasma synoviae (MS) is an avian pathogen that causes respiratory disease, infectious synovitis, and eggshell apex abnormalities in chickens. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)-independent MS was first reported in 1975. Despite the atypical traits of NAD-independent MS, its independence from NAD has not been studied. In this study, we isolated five NAD-independent strains from Korea and assembled their genomes using sequencing reads obtained from Illumina and Oxford Nanopore Technology platforms. The assembled genomes were compared with the genomes of MS-H vaccine strain and type strain WVU1853. We found that the coding sequences of nicotinate phosphoribosyltransferase and glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase, and a unique coding sequence were present only in the genomes of NAD-independent isolates.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 1984, Yagihashi and Kato also discovered that MS can grow in an NAD-free broth [7]. However, although NAD-independent MS1 vaccine strain is now commercially available [8], the metabolic pathway that enables MS to grow without NAD remains unknown.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome Analysis of Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide-Independent Mycoplasma synoviae Isolates From Korea

Song

Kim

et al. 2021

Pathogens

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“…Vaccination against M. synoviae is performed especially in breeders and layers to prevent clinical signs and bacteria spread. Currently there are two commercialized live attenuated vaccines available against M. synoviae: the temperature sensitive MS-H vaccine strain and the NAD independent MS1 vaccine strain (Kreizinger et al, 2018). Interaction of these vaccines with other respiratory pathogens is documented.…”

Section: Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, diff erentiation between M. synoviae vaccine and fi eld strains was performed with indirect ELISA based on OppF-C gene (Kordafshari et al, 2019). Furthermore, a melt-curve and agarose gel-based mismatch amplifi cation mutation assays (MAMA) was recently provided to discriminate the MS1 vaccine strain from the MS-H vaccine strain and wildtype M. synoviae isolates (Kreizinger et al, 2018). However, these assays are limited by the available facilities and the cost.…”

Section: Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycoplasma Synoviae Infection in Layers: Diagnosis and Control Measures – A Review

Kaboudi

Jbenyeni

2019

AVM

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Mycoplasmas are widespread bacteria in domestic and wild birds. Among the important species in laying hen, Mycoplasma gallisepticum and Mycoplasma synoviae, are considered as an emergent pathogen in the last few years worldwide, causing considerable economic losses as a result of falling eggs and the decrease in egg quality. Transmission of M. synoviae occurs horizontally, more rapidly in multi-age sites, and vertically, leading to a decline in hatchability in breeding farms. The interaction between M. synoviae and the host’s immune system explains the immunosuppression induced by this pathogen. Inside the cell, M. synoviae can escape the immune system by implementing several mechanisms.Subclinical respiratory infection is oft en associated to M. synoviae. However, severe disease may be observed in the presence of other factors (respiratory viruses, stressors). The emergence of a new form of clinical manifestation of disease associated to M. synoviae infection has been described since the 2000s. Eggshell apex abnormalities of the produced eggs, associated to high risk of cracks and breakage, is described.The diagnosis of M. synoviae infection is based on various tests, including serology, culture and biomolecular methods. Control is based on theacquisition of free mycoplasma birds, biosecurity, regular monitoring and vaccination. Management of other risk factors is essential.

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“…Thus, far, the best way to prevent diseases caused by M. synoviae is pathogen eradication; however, this is very expensive and may be cost-prohibitive for farms in many countries and regions. Serological and molecular diagnosis, control using antibiotics, and immunization are generally implemented in farms (4)(5)(6).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Genomics of Mycoplasma synoviae and New Targets for Molecular Diagnostics

Chen

et al. 2021

Front. Vet. Sci.

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Mycoplasma synoviae is an important pathogen of poultry, causing significant economic losses in this industry. Analysis of the unique genes and shared genes among different M. synoviae strains and among related species is helpful for studying the molecular pathogenesis of M. synoviae and provides valuable molecular diagnostic targets to facilitate the identification of M. synoviae species. We selected a total of 46 strains, including six M. synoviae strains, from 25 major animal (including avian) Mycoplasma species/subspecies that had complete genome sequences and annotation information published in GenBank, and used them for comparative genomic analysis. After analysis, 16 common genes were found in the 46 strains. Thirteen single-copy core genes and the 16s rRNA genes were used for genetic evolutionary analysis. M. synoviae was found to have a distant evolutionary relationship not only with other arthritis-causing mycoplasmas, but also with another major avian pathogen, Mycoplasma gallisepticum, that shares the major virulence factor vlhA with M. synoviae. Subsequently, six unique coding genes were identified as shared among these M. synoviae strains that are absent in other species with published genome sequences. Two of the genes were found to be located in the genetically stable regions of the genomes of M. synoviae and were determined to be present in all M. synoviae isolated strains (n = 20) and M. synoviae-positive clinical samples (n = 48) preserved in our laboratory. These two genes were used as molecular diagnostic targets for which SYBR green quantitative PCR detection methods were designed. The two quantitative PCR methods exhibited good reproducibility and high specificity when tested on positive plasmid controls and genomic DNA extracted from different M. synoviae strains, other major avian pathogenic bacteria/mycoplasmas, and low pathogenic Mycoplasma species. The detection limit for the two genes was 10 copies or less per reaction. The clinical sensitivity and specificity of the quantitative PCR methods were both 100% based on testing chicken hock joint samples with positive or negative M. synoviae infection. This research provides a foundation for the study of species-specific differences and molecular diagnosis of M. synoviae.

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Development of mismatch amplification mutation assays for the differentiation of MS1 vaccine strain from wild-type Mycoplasma synoviae and MS-H vaccine strains

Cited by 12 publications

References 16 publications

Genome Analysis of Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide-Independent Mycoplasma synoviae Isolates From Korea

Genome Analysis of Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide-Independent Mycoplasma synoviae Isolates From Korea

Mycoplasma Synoviae Infection in Layers: Diagnosis and Control Measures – A Review

Comparative Genomics of Mycoplasma synoviae and New Targets for Molecular Diagnostics

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