Development of IgY antibodies for control of tetanus

Abstract

Tetanus is a cut and often highly fatal infectious disease that affects both human and animals; the disease caused by exotoxin which produced by C. tetani. In the current study, we try to get hyperimmune IgY in chicken egg against tetanus toxin and use it as prophylaxis and therapeutic treatment for tetanus. The obtained IgY titer after inoculation of tetanus toxin in chicken eggs was 1320 limit of flocculation (Lf-eq) after 72 hr. IgY in adose of 4500 Lf-eq can be protect donkey after artificial infection by 1 minimum lethal dose (MLD) of C. tetani. While a dose of 30000 Lf-eq IgY intramuscularly two times daily for 2 injections, with 9500 Limit of flocculation Lf-eq IgY intrathecally in subarachnoid space was 100% curative for a donkey which was challenged with 1 MLD of C. tetani. Furthermore, IgY was evaluated experimentally in comparison with IgG in mice. IgY has equally efficacy to IgG in prophylaxis and treatment of tetanus.

Utilization of Immunoglobulin Y (IgY) as Alternatives to Laboratory Animals in Human and Veterinary Medical Practice: A Review

“…In animals, salmonellosis (Yokoyama et al, 1998;Gurtler et al, 2004), colibacillosis (Ikemori et al, 1992;Yokoyama et al, 1992;Li et al, 2009;Mahdavi et al, 2010;Germine et al, 2011), rotaviral diarrhea (Vega et al, 2011), infectious bursal disease (Yousif et al, 2006), porcine epidemic diarrhea (Kweon et al, 2000), coccidiosis (Lee et al, 2009a,b), clostridial infections (Pizarro-Guajardo et al,. 2017), vibriosis (Hirai et al, 2010), staphylococcosis (Leclaire et al, 2002), streptocococcosis (Zhou et al, 2003), white spot syndrome (Lu et al, 2009), flu (Tsukamoto et al, 2011), hantaviral pneumonia (Haese et al, 2015), tetanus (Selim et al, 2015), snake poisoning (Paul et al, 2007;Meenatchisundaram et al, 2008a,b;de Almeida et al, 2008;Lee et al, 2016), rabies (Motoi et al, 2005) and phytate phosphate toxicity (Bobeck et al, 2016) were studied.…”

How Can the Value and Use of Egg Yolk Be Increased?

“…IgY has attracted considerable attention as an alternative to antibiotics for growth improvement for animals in recent years (Yegani & Korver, ), but the major applications for IgY are focused on the control of enteric infections of either bacterial or viral origin such as Salmonella spp ., enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli , Campylobacter jejuni , porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus, rotavirus, porcine epidemic diarrhea virus, influenza viruses, and immunodiagnostic and pathogen control of food products (Kumaran et al., ; Thibodeau, Fravalo, Perron, Laurent‐Lewandowski, & Letellier, ; Vega et al., ; Wen et al., ; Yang, Wen, Zhao, Zhang, & Zhou, ). Various other suggested uses of IgY include anti‐snake or scorpion toxins antibody to neutralize the snake or scorpion venoms, to treat drug‐resistant bacterial strains, Chagas disease, tetanus, and to cure celiac disease, rheumatism, and wheat allergy (Alvarez et al., ; da Rocha et al., ; Grando et al., ; Selim, Ibrahim, El Meshad, & Hamouda, ). Oral administration of IgY over mammalian IgG to treat oral and many other human diseases possesses many advantages such as convenience, performance, and yield, while the practical application of IgY is facing with various challenges such as the stability of IgY in the digestive tract (Li, Wang, Zhen, Li, & Xu, ).…”