Development of Effective Catalysts for Hydrogen Storage Technology Using Formic Acid

Onishi, Naoya; Iguchi, Masayuki; Yang, Xinchun; Kanega, Ryoichi; Kawanami, Hajime; Xu, Qiang; Himeda, Yuichiro

doi:10.1002/aenm.201801275

Cited by 113 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 103 publications

(217 reference statements)

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“…[3] PEWE converts electric power by electrochemical water splitting into storable chemical energy. [4][5][6][7] Hydrogen can be reconverted to power or used in other sectors, [8,9] such as fuel cell based mobility [10] and chemical industries. [11] To make hydrogen production with polymer electrolyte water electrolysis a technoeconomically relevant contender, capital and operational cost need to be reduced substantially.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hierarchically Structured Porous Transport Layers for Polymer Electrolyte Water Electrolysis

Schuler

Ciccone

Krentscher³

et al. 2019

Advanced Energy Materials

105

159

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renewable power, from wind or solar by medium-to-long-term storage using hydrogen as the energy vector, [1,2] enabling effective decarbonisation of the energy sector. [3] PEWE converts electric power by electrochemical water splitting into storable chemical energy. [4][5][6][7] Hydrogen can be reconverted to power or used in other sectors, [8,9] such as fuel cell based mobility [10] and chemical industries. [11] To make hydrogen production with polymer electrolyte water electrolysis a technoeconomically relevant contender, capital and operational cost need to be reduced substantially. [12][13][14][15] Operational cost, which becomes the main cost driver for operation schemes with high duty ratio (≥6000 h p.a.), is governed by power prices and the hydrogen production efficiency of the PEWE plant, which in turn strongly depends on the electrochemical performance and efficiency of the PEWE cell technology employed. [16] The electrochemical efficiency is governed by the underlying electrochemical loss mechanisms of kinetic, ohmic, and mass transport losses, whereas capital cost is driven by limited power density and high noble metal catalyst loadings.Recent studies revealed that the structure of the interface between the anodic porous transport layer (PTL) and the catalyst layer (CL) is a crucial factor limiting cell efficiency. [17][18][19][20][21] Today's PEWE technology relies on porous, Ti based, transport layer materials in the form of sintered materials [17,18,[22][23][24][25] with original applications in filtration [26] or medical tissue growing. [27][28][29] The lack of PTL materials with suitable surface characteristics tailored for this application inhibits the further improvement of cell efficiency and development of PEWE technology.Kinetic losses are governed by the sluggish kinetics of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). The related overpotential depends on intrinsic catalyst parameters, such as specific exchange current density, activation energy, and number of active catalyst sites. [30] It has been established with model experiments such as optical imaging of the PTL/CL interface [19,20,31] and correlation of in-depth electrochemical analysis with PTL surface structure [17,18] that the catalyst is only partially utilized and CL domains not directly contacted by the porous Timaterials showed no gas evolution hence no electrochemical activity. Schuler et al. [17,18] have quantified the effect, showing

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confidence: 99%

Hierarchically Structured Porous Transport Layers for Polymer Electrolyte Water Electrolysis

Schuler

Ciccone

Krentscher³

et al. 2019

Advanced Energy Materials

105

159

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“…However, its high density of 1.22 g/cm 3 leads to a volumetric capacity of 53 gH 2 /L, equivalent to an energy density of 1.77 kW·h/L, which is larger than the value of compressed hydrogen at 70 MPa [9,17].The production of H 2 from FA was firstly investigated by Coffey in 1967 [18], but it was not until 2008 when the interest of FA as a LOHC was renewed thanks to the independent investigations carried out by Laurenczy and Beller [19][20][21]. Along these years, studies dealing with the production of H 2 from FA have been carried out by using both, homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts of diverse composition [22][23][24]. Due to their significance within the catalytic systems applied to this reaction, Energies 2019, 12, 4027 3 of 27 this paper reviews some of the most representative studies dealing with the decomposition of FA using PdAg-based bimetallic catalysts.…”

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Hydrogen Production from Formic Acid Attained by Bimetallic Heterogeneous PdAg Catalytic Systems

2019

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The production of H 2 from the so-called Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers (LOHC) has recently received great focus as an auspicious option to conventional hydrogen storage technologies. Among them, formic acid, the simplest carboxylic acid, has recently emerged as one of the most promising candidates. Catalysts based on Pd nanoparticles are the most fruitfully investigated, and, more specifically, excellent results have been achieved with bimetallic PdAg-based catalytic systems. The enhancement displayed by PdAg catalysts as compared to the monometallic counterpart is ascribed to several effects, such as the formation of electron-rich Pd species or the increased resistance against CO-poisoning. Aside from the features of the metal active phases, the properties of the selected support also play an important role in determining the final catalytic performance. Among them, the use of carbon materials has resulted in great interest by virtue of their outstanding properties and versatility. In the present review, some of the most representative investigations dealing with the design of high-performance PdAg bimetallic heterogeneous catalysts are summarised, paying attention to the impact of the features of the support in the final ability of the catalysts towards the production of H 2 from formic acid.Energies 2019, 12, 4027 2 of 27 fact, it is challenging not only for developed countries in which the living standard requires large energy supplies, but also for those developing countries that experience a high population growth.Among greenhouse gases, carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) is considered the most important because, even though its global warming potential (GWP) is much lower than that of other gases, the emissions of CO 2 are far more abundant. GWP parameter was developed to compare the global warming impacts of different gases and it is a measure of how much energy the emissions of 1 ton of a gas will absorb over a given period, relative to the emissions of 1 ton of CO 2 , which is used as the reference. Then, CO 2 has a GWP of 1 regardless of the time used, while GWP is 28-36 and 265-298 times that of CO 2 for methane (CH 4 ) and nitrous oxide (N 2 O), respectively [1]. Such considerations, that are nowadays central scientific and social concerns, have a long historical background within the research community. Arrhenius was among the first to hypothesise about the impact of CO 2 on the Earth's climate [2], but his hypothesis was overlooked until the 1950s [3]. Now, after more than half a century, there is not yet a chemical process able to efficiently clean the growing volumes of CO 2 in the atmosphere. Some interesting actions taken so far are related to the production of hydrocarbon fuels by recycling H 2 O and CO 2 with renewable energy sources or the CO 2 capture and sequestration (CCS) technology [4][5][6][7].In such energy and environmental context, the search for alternative carbon emission-free energy sources is required to avoid further disastrous consequences. Hydrogen (H 2 ), a carbon-free fuel, is consi...

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“…Generally, FA can be catalytically decomposed via a dehydrogenation pathway to produce hydrogen and carbon dioxide and/or a dehydration pathway to form water and carbon monoxide (CO). Since the latter pathway producing CO is an undesired side reaction, selective dehydrogenation of FA is critical to the production of H 2 , which is highly dependent on the catalyst used …”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Crafting Porous Carbon for Immobilizing Pd Nanoparticles with Enhanced Catalytic Activity for Formic Acid Dehydrogenation

Tsumori

2020

ChemNanoMat

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The development of highly active heterogeneous catalytic systems that catalyze formic acid (FA) to generate CO‐free H2 holds great promise for future energy demands, but is often limited by the low catalytic activity and stability of metal catalysts under ambient conditions. It is thus highly desirable to rationally design a catalyst to boost the catalytic performance. Herein, a general room‐temperature HNO3‐treatment approach (RTHTA) is developed to accomplish surface modification of various porous carbon materials for immobilizing ultrafine palladium nanoparticles (Pd NPs). A significantly enhanced catalytic performance of the immobilized Pd NPs toward the selective dehydrogenation of FA is achieved, which gives a record‐high turnover frequency of 13333 h−1 at 60 °C, corresponding to a calculated H2 generation rate of 50.8 L H2 min−1 gPd−1. The results presented here may provide insight into the formation and stabilization of highly active immobilized metal nanoparticles, as well as the enhanced catalytic performance of Pd NPs for catalytic dehydrogenation reactions.

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Development of Effective Catalysts for Hydrogen Storage Technology Using Formic Acid

Cited by 113 publications

References 103 publications

Hierarchically Structured Porous Transport Layers for Polymer Electrolyte Water Electrolysis

Hierarchically Structured Porous Transport Layers for Polymer Electrolyte Water Electrolysis

Hydrogen Production from Formic Acid Attained by Bimetallic Heterogeneous PdAg Catalytic Systems

Crafting Porous Carbon for Immobilizing Pd Nanoparticles with Enhanced Catalytic Activity for Formic Acid Dehydrogenation

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