renewable power, from wind or solar by medium-to-long-term storage using hydrogen as the energy vector, [1,2] enabling effective decarbonisation of the energy sector. [3] PEWE converts electric power by electrochemical water splitting into storable chemical energy. [4][5][6][7] Hydrogen can be reconverted to power or used in other sectors, [8,9] such as fuel cell based mobility [10] and chemical industries. [11] To make hydrogen production with polymer electrolyte water electrolysis a technoeconomically relevant contender, capital and operational cost need to be reduced substantially. [12][13][14][15] Operational cost, which becomes the main cost driver for operation schemes with high duty ratio (≥6000 h p.a.), is governed by power prices and the hydrogen production efficiency of the PEWE plant, which in turn strongly depends on the electrochemical performance and efficiency of the PEWE cell technology employed. [16] The electrochemical efficiency is governed by the underlying electrochemical loss mechanisms of kinetic, ohmic, and mass transport losses, whereas capital cost is driven by limited power density and high noble metal catalyst loadings.Recent studies revealed that the structure of the interface between the anodic porous transport layer (PTL) and the catalyst layer (CL) is a crucial factor limiting cell efficiency. [17][18][19][20][21] Today's PEWE technology relies on porous, Ti based, transport layer materials in the form of sintered materials [17,18,[22][23][24][25] with original applications in filtration [26] or medical tissue growing. [27][28][29] The lack of PTL materials with suitable surface characteristics tailored for this application inhibits the further improvement of cell efficiency and development of PEWE technology.Kinetic losses are governed by the sluggish kinetics of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). The related overpotential depends on intrinsic catalyst parameters, such as specific exchange current density, activation energy, and number of active catalyst sites. [30] It has been established with model experiments such as optical imaging of the PTL/CL interface [19,20,31] and correlation of in-depth electrochemical analysis with PTL surface structure [17,18] that the catalyst is only partially utilized and CL domains not directly contacted by the porous Timaterials showed no gas evolution hence no electrochemical activity. Schuler et al. [17,18] have quantified the effect, showing

It is widely accepted that percutaneous nephrostolithotorny (PCNL) is the standard of choice for the removal of large staghorn renal calculi. Although data exists supporting a stagad ureteroscopic as an alternate treatment for stones up to 3 cm in select patients, little data exists to support a ureteroscopic approach for stones as large as 5 cm. We present a case of a 68 year old female with a 5 cm staghorn renal calculus managed successfully with a staged ureteroscopic approach. A staged ureteroscopic approach can be effective in treating stones as large as 5 cm.

In article number 1903216, Felix N. Büchi and co‐workers report on the development of multilayer porous transport structures for polymer electrolyte water electrolysis cells. The new titanium sintered materials combine preferential low surface roughness with high open porosity and low tortuosity. The materials enhance catalyst layer utilization and cell performance and can be combined with very thin membrane electrolytes.

In most cases, sacral neuromodulation is used as a treatment for urge incontinence and symptoms of urgency and frequency. It is most used in those who are refractory to traditional management. It is much less common to be used for bladder atony. In this report, we present a case of a 24-year-old woman with a history of urinary retention and bladder atony who failed medical management and subsequently had an InterStim sacral neuromodulator implanted. After implantation, she was able to discontinue intermittent catheterization and had a decrease in her postvoid residual from 848 to 72 mL.

referred to both 2 D and 3 D systems. The same results were obtained for the neuro-sensitive tests. At the optometric evaluation a significant alteration of pre vs post random dot test was found only in the contest of 3 D procedures (32.5+/-4.6 vs 45.0+/-7.5; p<0.05). After qualitative analysis a significant alteration was documented after 3D vs 2 D procedures for fixation disparity (75% vs 37.5%; p<0.05) and phoria-T test (37,5% vs 12.5%; p<0.05).CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that 3 D system induces an overall damage of visual function evident at the optometric evaluation. This damage does not involve ocular function or optical nerve but rather the stream nerve fibres that travel from the occipital cortex to the posterior parietal area (magno system) and to temporal lobe (parvo system). These fibers are responsible of stereoptic function which represents the cognitive elaboration of visual signal by brain cortex.Source of Funding: Particularly when dealing with long lasting 3 D procedures surgeon and patient should be made aware of these data