“…Smartphones and laptops can facilitate communication between students and access to information to various learning resources provided on the internet (Vahedi et al, 2021). The development of software-based teaching materials accessed using smartphones has been widely carried out, including by Aminatun, et al, (2022), Firdawati et al, (2021), Nabella &Dwiningsih, (2022), andSusanto et al, (2022). The development of website-based teaching materials that can be accessed using laptops and smartphones has also been widely carried out, among others, by Prabowo et al, (2020), Hariadi et al, (2022, Miswami -Nurcahyo, (2020) andHidayah et al, (2018).…”