Development of an integrated process for the production of high‐purity cadaverine from lysine decarboxylase

Abstract

BACKGROUND Cadaverine is a natural polyamine that can replace fossil‐derived hexamethylene diamine to produce bio‐based polyamide. Despite huge developments in cadaverine bioproduction, an econo"mically attractive purification process is a highly important part of the production of high‐purity cadaverine. RESULTS This study utilized l‐lysine hydrochloride as a substrate for the production of high‐purity cadaverine via a litre‐scale integrated process incorporating fermentation, bioproduction, deprotonation, extraction and rectification. First, 8.24 U mg–1 lysine decarboxylase activity and 205 g L–1 cadaverine with a yield of 91.61% were achieved through the fermentation of low‐cost industrial culture by engineered Escherichia coli and the bioproduction of cadaverine by lysine decarboxylase. Secondly, four integrated purification methods – deprotonation‐evaporation, pH adjustment‐deprotonation‐evaporation, deprotonation‐extraction‐evaporation and deprotonation‐extraction‐rectification – were explored, and the conditions of each unit operation in the chosen method (deprotonation‐extraction‐rectification) were optimized. Then the optimized method was applied to a 2‐L purification system, resulting in 99% purity of cadaverine with a yield of 87.47%. Furthermore, the n‐butanol recovery ratio reached 91.25%, effectively avoiding the waste of resources and environmental pollution, and thus reducing purification costs. CONCLUSION The proposed experimental approach proves that this integrated process leads to the production of high‐purity cadaverine. In the 2‐L‐scale integrated process, 358.64 g cadaverine of 99% purity was produced at a cost of US$3.99 (US$1.11 per 100 g), which is far below its market price (US$784.71 per 100 g). This integrated process provides a potential way for the industrial‐scale production of bio‐based cadaverine. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry

Cellular Engineering and Biocatalysis Strategies toward Sustainable Cadaverine Production: State of the Art and Perspectives

“…By developing engineering strain BL21-P cad -CadA and enlarging deprotonation-extraction-rectification (DER) method to a 2 L system, 358.64 g and 99% pure cadaverine with a cost of US$ 1.11 per 100 g (including fermentation, bioproduction, and purification procedures) were obtained. 99 Note that it is far below market price (US $784.71 per 100 g) given by Aladdin Reagent Company, thus this integrated process is hoped to be a candidate to implement industrial-scale cadaverine production. Besides, another alternative organic solvent is chloroform which is nonreactive, immiscible with and denser than water.…”

“…Then four integrated purification procedures employing n -butanol as extractant were explored, which include deprotonation–evaporation, pH adjustment–deprotonation–evaporation, deprotonation–extraction–evaporation, and deprotonation–extraction–rectification. By developing engineering strain BL21-P cad -CadA and enlarging deprotonation-extraction-rectification (DER) method to a 2 L system, 358.64 g and 99% pure cadaverine with a cost of US$ 1.11 per 100 g (including fermentation, bioproduction, and purification procedures) were obtained . Note that it is far below market price (US$784.71 per 100 g) given by Aladdin Reagent Company, thus this integrated process is hoped to be a candidate to implement industrial-scale cadaverine production.…”

Prospects of Using Biocatalysis for the Synthesis and Modification of Polymers

“…Cadaverine (α,ε-pentamethylenediamine) has been proposed as a promising substitute of 1,6-diaminohexane that can polymerize with dicarboxylic acids to form biobased polyamides. The catalytic form of the lysine decarboxylase was prepared by immobilization and mutation to synthesize cadaverine from lysine [ 257 , 258 , 259 ].…”

Green chemical and biological synthesis of cadaverine: recent development and challenges

“…8B). 112 Shanghai Cathay Biotechnology R&D Center Ltd recovered nearly 100% of cadaverine through distillation using high boiling solvents including C 14 alkanes, C 11 /C 14 alkane mixtures, diphenyl ethers, and dodecanol at a low heating temperature of 130 C, which is 50 C lower than the boiling point of cadaverine. 113 They further employed a 732 strong acid cation exchange resin (styrene-based macroporous type) to adsorb cadaverine from the fermentation broth, followed by elution with 3% sodium hydroxide solution at 60 C. This strategy can avoid the interference from impurities (e.g.…”