Cellular Engineering and Biocatalysis Strategies toward Sustainable Cadaverine Production: State of the Art and Perspectives

Abstract

Cadaverine, a diamine monomer, broadly exists in living organisms participating in metabolism processes. As a promising substitute of 1,6-diaminohexane, cadaverine can polymerize with dicarboxylic acids and yield biobased polyamides, polyamide (PA) 5×, showing ecofriendly and excellent mechanical properties in the fields of electronics, automobile, material, storage, and others. Due to the increasing attentions on environment problems, biopolyamide is expected to be an ideal and green material to substitute conventional chemistry polyamide. This review summarizes the properties, potential applications, and production strategies about cadaverine and mainly focuses on the recent developments by cellular engineering Escherichia coli and Corynebacterium glutamicum as main workhorses. In addition, the key enzyme lysine decarboxylase decorated by means of immobilization and mutation to efficiently catalyze lysine and its catalysis mechanisms are also discussed. In order to achieve industrial applications, the indispensable steps of separation and purification are described as well and perspectives for cadaverine manufacturing from renewable resources are further provided.

Construction of a tunable promoter library to optimize gene expression in Methylomonas sp. DH-1, a methanotroph, and its application to cadaverine production

“…Generally, the microbial production of cadaverine, a natural nylon monomer used for polyamide production, is achieved through the overexpression of the E. coli lysine decarboxylase (CadA), which bioconverts lysine to cadaverine. Hence, it can be used in the chemical industry [ 33 , 34 ]. The biosynthetic pathway towards lysine/cadaverine synthesis in Methylomonas sp.…”

Prospects of Using Biocatalysis for the Synthesis and Modification of Polymers

“…Cadaverine (α,ε-pentamethylenediamine) has been proposed as a promising substitute of 1,6-diaminohexane that can polymerize with dicarboxylic acids to form biobased polyamides. The catalytic form of the lysine decarboxylase was prepared by immobilization and mutation to synthesize cadaverine from lysine [ 257 , 258 , 259 ].…”

The effect of polymorphism on polymer properties: crystal structure, stability and polymerization of the short-chain bio-based nylon 52 monomer 1,5-pentanediamine oxalate

“…The bio-nylon series based on 1,5-pentanediamine (PDA) is opening up a green route for nylon production owing to its good industry applications (Ogunniyi, 2006;Hong et al, 2004). In recent years, a breakthrough has been made in domestic technology for preparing PDA from biological resources (Mi et al, 2021); thus, the production technology of the nylon 5X series has been established. Nylon 52, which is a polymer formed of the crystalline salts of 1,5-pentanediamine-oxalic acid (hereinafter referred to as PDA-OXA, see Fig.…”