Development of an Adaptive Tsetse Population Management Scheme for the Luke Community, Ethiopia

Abstract

Since 1996, tsetse (Glossina spp.) control operations, using odor-baited traps, have been carried out in the Luke area of Gurage zone, southwestern Ethiopia. Glossina morsitans submorsitans Newstead was identified as the dominant species in the area, but the presence of Glossina fuscipes Newstead and Glossina pallidipes Austen also was recorded. Here, we refer to the combined number of these three species and report the work undertaken from October 2002 to October 2004 to render the control system more efficient by reducing the number of traps used and maintaining the previously reached levels of tsetse occurrence and trypanosomiasis prevalence. This was done by the design and implementation of an adaptive tsetse population management system. It consists first of an efficient community-participatory monitoring scheme that allowed us to reduce the number of traps used from 216 to 127 (107 monitoring traps and 20 control traps). Geostatistical methods, including kriging and mapping, furthermore allowed identification and monitoring of the spatiotemporal dynamics of patches with increased fly densities, referred to as hot spots. To respond to hot spots, the Luke community was advised and assisted in control trap deployment. Adaptive management was shown to be more efficient than the previously used mass trapping system. In that context, trap numbers could be reduced substantially, at the same time maintaining previously achieved levels of tsetse occurrences and disease prevalence.

Biorational insecticides in pest management

“…171) Also, in Ethiopia, the implementation of an adaptive tsetse population management system along with the application of geostatistical methods to discover patches with increased fly densities allowed the authors to reduce the number of traps from 216 to 127, maintaining previously achieved levels of occurrences of the pest. 172) On the other hand, the number of catches should also be as high as possible. For instance, in mass trapping experiments against Monochamus clamator and Monochamus scutellatus using pheromone components of scolytid bark beetles, traps baited also with ethanol, a-pinene and ipsenol captured twice as many beetles as traps baited with host volatiles alone.…”

Adaptive Ecosocial System Sustainability Enhancement in Sub-Saharan Africa

“…We commenced with work undertaken at the Nairobi-based International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), aiming to improve human, animal, plant, and environmental health in isolation, but seeking a closer integration of these research areas within a ecosocial context (Herren et al, 2007). We simultaneously deal with vector-borne diseases of human and animals (Sciarretta et al, 2005), sustainable agriculture (Baumgärtner et al, 2001), ecosystem services (Gilioli et al, 2004), and the consequences for community development (see Baumgärtner et al, 2007). Constraints faced by the communities are described in Baumgärtner et al (2007):…”

“…A team of experts recommended an integrated management scheme for vector control by relying primarily on odor-baited mass trapping and complementary drug administration (Baumgärtner et al, 2003;Herren et al, 2007). The adaptive management process at Ethiopian sites operates at moderate spatial and temporal scale extents, i.e., 4-km · 8-km units for study and management (Sciarretta et al, 2005), and during tsetse presence, a biweekly loop for vector control. In collaboration with veterinary facilities, animal health is generally assessed at 3-month intervals (Fig.…”

“…The current management system has been designed by ICIPE specialists and relies primarily on drug administration to Trypanosoma spp.-infected animals and adaptive tsetse vector control by odor-baited mass trapping technology supported by geostatistical models implemented on geographical information systems (GIS) ( Fig. 1; see also Sciarretta et al, 2005).…”

Assessing the impact of site-specific spraying on control of Eurygaster integriceps (Hemiptera: Scutelleridae) damage and natural enemies

“…Availability of new technologies and methods including the global positioning system (GPS), geographic information systems (GIS) and geostatistics allows pest managers to analyze and map the spatial distribution of pests and to use this information in SSIPM (Liebhold et al 1993;Plant 2001). In recent years, several studies have been done regarding the use of geo-informatics for mapping spatial distribution of insects and practicing SSIPM in high value crops (Blom et al 2002;Sciarretta et al 2005;Nay et al 2007;Bressan et al 2010). Willers et al (2008) defined experimental units and a methodological approach for designing and analyzing unreplicated site-specific experiments in cotton fields.…”