Development of a road traffic emission inventory with high spatial–temporal resolution in the world’s most densely populated region—Macau

Li, X.; Lopes, Diogo; Mok, Kai Meng; Miranda, Ana Isabel; Yuen, Ka‐Veng; Hoi, Ka In

doi:10.1007/s10661-019-7364-9

Cited by 19 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…This result could be explained by the primary roadside pollutants being CO and NO x instead of PM 10 and PM 2.5 , as mentioned by the DSPA report [31], and the high levels of PM 10 and PM 2.5 concentrations being a regional problem caused by transboundary pollutants brought by the northern monsoon from inland, as shown in Figure 1 [40,41]. As shown, there is little to no relationship between local traffic volume and roadside PM concentration in the monitored locations of Macao, leading us to conclude that PM concentration is more likely tied to regional sources and meteorological conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

The Relationship between Roadside PM Concentration and Traffic Characterization: A Case Study in Macao

Lei

Martin

2023

Sustainability

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Road transportation is a common mode of transport in Macao and is also known to be a significant source of the emission of PM10 and PM2.5 on a local and regional scale. There are six air quality monitoring stations (AQMS) evenly distributed throughout Macao, but some densely populated areas are currently not covered by the monitoring network. Therefore, a monitoring campaign was conducted at four roadside locations in Macao’s most densely populated areas. This work aims to study the concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 in several roadside locations in Macao. The monitoring campaign was conducted for 24 non-consecutive periods, with a total of 192 monitoring hours. The sampling sites were chosen based on Macao’s most densely populated areas and the most traffic-congested locations. In addition, traffic characterization was performed alongside the monitoring campaign to provide a clearer perspective on the pollution sources. Based on the collected data, a correlation analysis was performed between the number of vehicles and the levels of PM10 and PM2.5 concentration. The results showed a weak relationship between the hourly traffic flow and the level of PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations, with a correlation of determination (R2) of 0.001 to 0.122. In addition, the results showed a weak relationship between the vehicle types and the level of PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations, with an R2 of 0.000 to 0.043. As shown, there is little to no relationship between local traffic volume and roadside PM concentration in the monitored locations of Macao, leading us to conclude that PM concentration is more likely tied to regional sources and meteorological conditions. Nevertheless, the complex geographical setting of Macao is also likely an influential factor in this study.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

The Relationship between Roadside PM Concentration and Traffic Characterization: A Case Study in Macao

Lei

Martin

2023

Sustainability

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“…To accomplish this, VISUM's TFlowFuzzy algorithm has been utilized. Entropy maximization principle [27] was followed to match predicted traffic volume resulting from the traffic assignment procedure with the observed count by adjusting the previously assigned O/D matrix [28].…”

Section: Calibration and Validation Of Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulating the Impacts of Hybrid Campus and Autonomous Electric Vehicles as GHG Mitigation Strategies: A Case Study for a Mid-Size Canadian Post-Secondary School

Saha

Fatmi

2021

Sustainability

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This paper presents how a post-secondary institution like University of British Columbia’s Okanagan (UBCO) campus can reduce its carbon footprint and be aligned with the government’s target through promoting virtual campus and autonomous electric vehicles (AEVs). Different virtual campus scenarios are developed: online classes only, working-from-home only, and a hybrid of both. In the case of AEVs, alternative penetration rates for levels 2 and 5 are considered. A total of 50 scenarios are tested using a sub-area transport simulation model for UBCO, which is extracted from the regional travel demand forecasting model. The results suggest that a 40% AEV penetration rate coupled with fully in-person classes reduces GHG by ~36% compared to the 2018-level, which will help UBCO to achieve their 2030 emission reduction target and be aligned with the provincial target. The 50% AEV and 10% hybrid virtual campus reduces emissions by ~48%, which is aligned with the 2040 provincial target. A fully virtual campus will help to reach the 2050 provincial target by reducing GHG by ~76%. The results further demonstrate that level 5 AEVs produce lesser emissions than level 2 at a lower AEV penetration rate for the fully in-person campus scenario. At higher penetration rates, level 5 performs better only if it is coupled with 10% of students, faculties and staffs attending virtual campus scenario.

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“…The Transport Emission Model for line sources (TREM) [12] was used to estimate road transport emissions for the baseline case and urban mobility strategies. Road traffic counts were used to obtain the traffic flow for the study area.…”

Section: Air Quality Modelling Setup and Configurationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It should be noted that the road traffic flow was kept the same in all tested scenarios, except for the Scenario 4 where the road segment 5 was closed (without traffic flow). The scenarios of this work have been tested and implemented worldwide, showing for that, their applicability and economic sustainability over the case study [12], [15].…”

Section: Air Quality Modelling Setup and Configurationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urban Mobility Strategies to Improve Local Air Quality: Case Study of Lisbon, Portugal

Lopes

Ferreira

Rafael

et al. 2019

WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment

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Particulate matter concentrations are still exceeding the European air quality limit values, mainly in the urban areas where a large part of the population lives. Despite the implementation of several policies and measures to reduce the atmospheric emissions from road transport, this activity still has high influence in the air quality of the European cities. The main purpose of this study was to assess the potential of urban mobility strategies to reduce the particulate matter concentrations over the main avenue of Moscavide (a parish within the municipality of Loures, very close to the city of Lisbon, Portugal). The proposed strategies were evaluated by applying an air quality modelling system with a high spatial resolution. The results showed a slight air quality improvement (up to 0.9 μg.m-3) for the tested scenarios. However, complementary studies are still necessary to provide a better understanding of the most efficient urban mobility strategies to be applied over the study area.

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Development of a road traffic emission inventory with high spatial–temporal resolution in the world’s most densely populated region—Macau

Cited by 19 publications

References 22 publications

The Relationship between Roadside PM Concentration and Traffic Characterization: A Case Study in Macao

The Relationship between Roadside PM Concentration and Traffic Characterization: A Case Study in Macao

Simulating the Impacts of Hybrid Campus and Autonomous Electric Vehicles as GHG Mitigation Strategies: A Case Study for a Mid-Size Canadian Post-Secondary School

Urban Mobility Strategies to Improve Local Air Quality: Case Study of Lisbon, Portugal

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