Development of a novel voltammetric sensor for the determination of methamphetamine in biological samples on the pretreated pencil graphite electrode

Oghli, Abbas Hassan; Alipour, Esmaeel; Asadzadeh, Mojtaba

doi:10.1039/c4ra11399c

Cited by 46 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…The LOD compares favourably with that obtained using indirect electrochemistry with 1,2-naphthoquinone-4-sulfonate [ 16 ], and it is considerably higher than the LODs obtained using direct electrochemical methods [ 13 – 15 ], although all these methods use aqueous solution and not undiluted saliva. Use of microelectrodes should provide greater sensitivity of response, since increased mass transport of MAMP to the electrode should result in increased peak heights i.e.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…There are only a few reports of the electrochemical sensing of amphetamines, and there are no reports of the determination of amphetamines in undiluted saliva using disposable electrochemical sensors. Electrochemical sensing of methamphetamine by direct oxidation has been reported at a pretreated pencil graphite electrode [LOD 50 nM (7.5 ng/mL) in aqueous solution, response time >10 min] [ 13 ], at a self-assembled boron-doped diamond electrode [LOD 50 nM (7.5 ng/mL) in aqueous solution, response time not given] [ 14 ], and in alkaline solution using a gold nanoparticle-multiwalled carbon nanotube modified screen printed electrode [LOD 0.3 nM (0.05 ng/mL), response time not given] [ 15 ]. The indirect electrochemical detection of amphetamine in saliva has been reported using 1,2-naphthoquinone-4-sulfonate at an edge plane pyrolytic graphite electrode [LOD 41 μM (6.2 μg/mL) in aqueous solution, response time not given] [ 16 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Disposable screen printed sensor for the electrochemical detection of methamphetamine in undiluted saliva

Bartlett¹,

Taylor²,

Fernandez³

et al. 2016

Chemistry Central Journal

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BackgroundMethamphetamine has an adverse effect on the ability to drive safely. Police need to quickly screen potentially impaired drivers therefore a rapid disposable test for methamphetamine is highly desirable. This is the first proof-of-concept report of a disposable electrochemical test for methamphetamine in undiluted saliva.ResultsA screen printed carbon electrode is used for the N,N′-(1,4-phenylene)-dibenzenesulfonamide mediated detection of methamphetamine in saliva buffer and saliva. The oxidized mediator reacts with methamphetamine to give an electrochemically active adduct which can undergo electrochemical reduction. Galvanostatic oxidation in combination with a double square wave reduction technique resulted in detection of methamphetamine in undiluted saliva with a response time of 55 s and lower detection limit of 400 ng/mL.ConclusionsUsing a double square wave voltammetry technique, rapid detection of methamphetamine in undiluted saliva can be achieved, however there is significant donor variation in response and the detection limit is significantly higher than desired. Further optimization of the assay and sensor format is required to improve the detection limit and reduce donor effects.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13065-016-0147-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disposable screen printed sensor for the electrochemical detection of methamphetamine in undiluted saliva

Bartlett¹,

Taylor²,

Fernandez³

et al. 2016

Chemistry Central Journal

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“…SEP/MWCNTs/pPGE demonstrates a notable increase in the peak current value compared to the other electrodes (Figure ). The SEP/MWCNTs/pPGE composite electrode may be attributed to the fact that the pretreatment and modifiers added caused the surface area of the pencil graphite electrode to increase . The active surface areas of five electrodes were calculated in 5.0 mM Fe(CN) 6 3−/4− in 0.1 M KCl using the Randles‐Sevcik equation .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Single‐use Electrode Based on Nano‐clay and MWCNT for Simultaneous Determination of Acetaminophen, Ascorbic Acid and Acetylsalicylic Acid in Pharmaceutical Dosage

Bayraktepe

Yazan

2020

Electroanalysis

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In this study, a highly sensitive, selective and cost‐effective electrochemical nano‐sensor has been developed for the first time so as to facilitate the simultaneous and low‐level detection of acetaminophen (paracetamol, PAR), ascorbic acid (A) and acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) ternary mixture. The sensor is based on nano‐sepiolite clay (SEP) with multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) onto electrochemically pretreated pencil graphite electrode (pPGE). The surface properties of the sensor were examined by using cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques. The pH effect, composition of modifiers, immobilization time, deposition potential and deposition time values were optimized to reach the best response of PAR, A and ASA. Moreover, in optimum analytical conditions, adsorptive stripping differential pulse voltammmetric (AdsDPV) method was developed for the simultaneous analysis of the ternary mixtures concerned by using SEP/MWCNTs/pPGE sensor. This sensor exhibited the low detection limits of 0.018, 0.042 and 0.047 μM for PAR, A and ASA ternary mixture, respectively. The developed AdsDPV method was applied for quantitative determination of PAR, A and ASA in the pharmaceutical formulation. The recovery experiments were carried out to control the accuracy and precision of the method. The obtained voltammetric recoveries were comparable with the HPLC data given in the literature.

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“…It was shown that electrochemical pretreatment activates the electrode surface by modifying its surface and redox characteristics [ 2 , 21 , 57 , 106 ]. In comparison to nontreated PGE, the electrochemically pretreated PGE (ETPGE) presented improved electrocatalytic activity (e.g., for uric acid and ascorbic acid [ 2 ], methamphetamine [ 101 ], sulfide [ 192 ]), higher sensitivity (e.g., a 2–5 times higher sensitivity for monophenols [ 9 ] and a 40-fold increase of uric acid voltammetric signal [ 91 ]), higher selectivity by increasing the peaks separation [ 2 , 21 ], and better adsorption capacity of organic compounds [ 57 , 106 , 192 , 193 ]. This properties strongly depend on the activation conditions, that is, electrochemical procedure, electrolyte (type and concentration), applied potential or potential range [ 54 ], number of scans, and scan rate [ 21 , 54 , 106 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PGEs were pretreated potentiostatically by maintaining the electrode in an electrolyte for more than 30 s at a selected potential higher than 1.3 V [ 9 , 53 , 55 , 56 , 60 , 70 , 99 – 101 , 105 , 192 , 193 ] or by scanning the potential at a given scan rate, for a certain number of cycles within a large potential range [ 2 , 57 , 58 , 61 , 69 , 103 , 106 , 188 , 194 ]. Some papers report a comparison between the two mentioned activation procedures and depending on the electrochemical performances obtained for the investigated analyte one of them was selected; for example, chronoamperometric activation of PGE was used for alkylphenols [ 50 ] and tannic acid [ 51 ] analysis and cyclic voltammetric activation of PGE for dopamine [ 21 ] and bisphenol A [ 54 ] detection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pencil Graphite Electrodes: A Versatile Tool in Electroanalysis

David

Popa

Buleandră

2017

Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry

195

115

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Due to their electrochemical and economical characteristics, pencil graphite electrodes (PGEs) gained in recent years a large applicability to the analysis of various types of inorganic and organic compounds from very different matrices. The electrode material of this type of working electrodes is constituted by the well-known and easy commercially available graphite pencil leads. Thus, PGEs are cheap and user-friendly and can be employed as disposable electrodes avoiding the time-consuming step of solid electrodes surface cleaning between measurements. When compared to other working electrodes PGEs present lower background currents, higher sensitivity, good reproducibility, and an adjustable electroactive surface area, permitting the analysis of low concentrations and small sample volumes without any deposition/preconcentration step. Therefore, this paper presents a detailed overview of the PGEs characteristics, designs and applications of bare, and electrochemically pretreated and chemically modified PGEs along with the corresponding performance characteristics like linear range and detection limit. Techniques used for bare or modified PGEs surface characterization are also reviewed.

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Development of a novel voltammetric sensor for the determination of methamphetamine in biological samples on the pretreated pencil graphite electrode

Abstract: We developed a simple and reliable sensor for the determination of methamphetamine without expensive and time-consuming pretreatments using PPGE.

Cited by 46 publications

References 39 publications

Disposable screen printed sensor for the electrochemical detection of methamphetamine in undiluted saliva

Disposable screen printed sensor for the electrochemical detection of methamphetamine in undiluted saliva

Application of Single‐use Electrode Based on Nano‐clay and MWCNT for Simultaneous Determination of Acetaminophen, Ascorbic Acid and Acetylsalicylic Acid in Pharmaceutical Dosage

Pencil Graphite Electrodes: A Versatile Tool in Electroanalysis

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