Development of a Database of the Fluoride Content of Selected Drinks and Foods in the UK

Abstract

It is important to monitor systemic fluoride (F) intake from foods, drinks and inadvertent toothpaste ingestion in order to minimise the risk of dental fluorosis while maximising caries prevention. In the UK, an F database containing the F content of commercially available foods and drinks was compiled from 518 products analysed using an acid-diffusion method and F-ion-selective electrode. The individual products analysed ranged from <0.01 µg F/100 g for butter/margarine (miscellaneous foods group) to 1,054.20 µg F/100 g for canned sardines (fish group). These findings, along with the wide range of F contents found within the food groups, highlight the need for comprehensive F content labelling of food and drink products.

Fluoride intake and urinary fluoride excretion in 4‐ and 8‐year‐old children living in urban and rural areas of Southwest Nigeria

“…Waters and non‐milk‐based drinks were measured directly using a F‐Ion‐Selective‐Electrode (F‐ISE) after addition of TISAB III, while a hexamethyldisiloxane‐facilitated diffusion method was used to measure the F concentration of food, milk‐based drink and toothpaste samples . A UK‐based F database was used to provide a best estimate of F content of any missing drink and food group samples as it reports F concentrations for similar foods and drinks cooked/prepared with similar water F concentrations. Each child's daily dietary F intake (DDFI), according to drink and food category, was estimated by multiplying the F concentration (mg/kg) of each category by the amount (kg) consumed per day and then summing F intakes from each food and drink group to derive an estimate of F intake on a body weight basis (mg/kg bw/d).…”

Total daily fluoride intake and fractional urinary fluoride excretion in 4‐ to 6‐year‐old children living in a fluoridated area: weekly variation?

“…Each child's food diary was analysed using the Weighed Intake Software Package (WISP) 22 , a computerized standard food composition table with in-house added F concentrations of food and drink items 23 , to estimate daily dietary F intake. Daily F intake from diet for each child was estimated by multiplying the weight of each food sample (g) by its corresponding F concentration (lg/g).…”

Fluoride in Human Health and Nutrition

“…The fluorine contents in different foods and drinks in this paper are illustrated using the data from the USDA National Fluoride Database 218 and the United Kingdom (UK) Fluoride Database. 219,220 The USDA Database 218 is based on the data extracted from reviews of existing scientific literature and unpublished results mainly from the Concentrations of fluoride in soft drinks, e.g. nectars, juices, juice drinks, ranged between 0.10-2.0 mg/l in Portugal, 191 0.07-1.14 mg/l in the Canary Islands, 192 0.02-2.80 mg/l in the US 193 and 0.07-1.42 mg/l in Mexico.…”

“…194 period between 1977 and 2003. The more recent UK Database 219,220 was generated in a period between 2003 and 2015 through a range of research projects.…”

“…The averages and the ranges of total fluorine contents (w F ) in different food groups on a fresh weight basis listed in the USDA National Fluoride Database 218 and UK Fluoride Database219,220 analyzed as ready-to-eat items…”