Fluoride in Human Health and Nutrition

Abstract

Fluorine is in the form of fluorides ubiquitous in nature and as such an inevitable part of our environment. In small amounts, it is known to have beneficial effects on dental health. On the other hand, excessive chronic intakes can result in adverse effects including the development of dental fluorosis in children and/or skeletal fluorosis in both children and adults. The adequate intake has been set, based on empirical observations, at 0.05 mg/day/kg body weight however, the threshold between beneficial and harmful effects is narrow. Despite numerous studies, knowledge on the fluoride toxicity is still relatively poor. In this review, the role and the effects of fluoride on human health are enlightened. Some of the fluoride controversies are discussed and future research directions suggested.

PHYTOREMEDIATION OF FLUORIDE-CONTAMINATED WATER BY Landoltia punctata

“…However, chronic exposure to high fluorine doses has been related in several studies with neurotoxic, carcinogenic, and genotoxic effects, as well as diseases such as dental or skeletal fluorosis. Reduction in fertility and function of the thyroid gland has also been identified (Ghaderpoori et al, 2018;Qasemi et al, 2019;Štepec & Ponikvar-svet, 2019).…”

Utilization of Community-Level Fluoride-Filtered Water and its Associated Factors in Dugda Woreda of East Shewa Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

“…4 The majority of ECRV residents rely on fluoride-rich water sources. 5 De-fluoridation of drinking water is accomplished through the use of various technologies. However, multiple factors must be considered when selecting the appropriate fluoride removal technologies, such as material cost and availability, capital investment and operating costs, simplicity in design and operation, by-products during treatment, removal capacity, community acceptance, and willingness to pay.…”

Recent Advances in Catalytic Enantioselective Synthesis of Fluorinated α‐ and β‐Amino Acids

“…On the other hand, increasing attention should also be paid to address the issue of fluorine overload in human health and environment in the future, due to the excessive chronic intakes of fluoride would lead to severe adverse effects. [97]…”

“…In addition, it is necessary to highlight the importance of the phenomenon of self‐disproportionation of enantiomers (SDE) [96] in the synthesis of optically pure fluorinated amino acids, since most of the fluorinated amino acids obtained here are not enantiomerically pure form. On the other hand, increasing attention should also be paid to address the issue of fluorine overload in human health and environment in the future, due to the excessive chronic intakes of fluoride would lead to severe adverse effects [97] …”