Development of a bioactive composite of nano fluorapatite and poly(butylene succinate) for bone tissue regeneration

Abstract

The development of a bioactive nanocomposite for bone replacement has gained much interest in the field of bone grafting. In this study, a nano fluorapatite (n-FA)-poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) bioactive composite was fabricated using a co-solution method. The results showed that the n-FA-PBS composite had improved hydrophilicity, compressive strength and an elastic modulus, which were obviously higher than those of PBS alone. In addition, the n-FA-PBS composite could inhibit bacterial attachment, with the number of viable bacteria on the composite obviously lower than on pure PBS, indicating good antibacterial ability. Moreover, the attachment and proliferation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) on the n-FA-PBS composite was significantly higher than on PBS, and the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity of hMSCs on the composite was expressed at significantly higher levels compared to PBS. Furthermore, the hMSCs showed intimate contact with the composite surface and the cells spread and grew significantly better on the composite compared to PBS. Therefore, incorporation of n-FA into PBS is a good way to prepare an inorganic-organic bioactive composite of a nano ceramic and a polymer, which supports cell attachment, proliferation and differentiation. The implantation of the n-FA-PBS composite into the femoral bone of rabbits confirmed that the new bone tissue could form on the composite surfaces, and the composite combined directly with the natural bone tissue without fibrous capsule tissue, showing good osteoconductivity. In short, the n-FA-PBS bioactive composite has good biocompatibility and bioactivity, and has potential application in bone regeneration.

Marine Collagen/Apatite Composite Scaffolds Envisaging Hard Tissue Applications

“…Such results confirm the positive effects of the bioapatite presence on cell biological activity already demonstrated in previous works [ 36 , 37 , 38 ]. In that sense, fish species can be used as a cheap source to obtain natural calcium phosphates with excellent biological properties.…”

GBR membrane of novel poly (butylene succinate-co-glycolate) co-polyester co-polymer for periodontal application

“…There are a few studies examining the in vivo application of PBS-based polymers for bone healing. This includes studies involving the femoral bone of rabbits for a period of one and two months 52 , mice calvaria (two months) 53 , and iliac submuscular regions and cranial defects of Wistar rats (three months) 54 , 55 . Niu et al .…”

“…observed that incorporation of nano-fluorapatite (nFA) into PBS resulted in improved hydrophilicity of pristine PBS polyester, as well as improved cellular behavior and osteogenic differentiation of human MSCs 52 . The osteoconductivity of nFA/PBS nanocomposites was confirmed by evaluation of new bone formation in the femoral bone of rabbits, as well as the absence of fibrous capsules in the surrounding tissue for a period of one and two months 52 . Chitosan has also been used to improve bioactivity and osteoinductivity of PBS scaffolds 53 – 55 .…”

“…The increase in metabolic activity (proliferation) with increasing glycolate content can partially be due to the increased surface hydrophilicity of the electrospun fibers (up to 53% decrease in contact angle for PBSGL40), which can promote cell adhesion and proliferation by facilitating nutrient transportation to the seeded cells 41 . Cell spreading, proliferation, and differentiation have also been related to surface hydrophilicity in addition to initial attachment of the cells 25 , 42 , 43 , 46 , 52 , 56 . For example, rat calvaria osteoblasts on the hydrophilic surface of plasma-treated PBS films showed accelerated metabolic activity and improved osteogenic differentiation compared to the untreated one 46 .…”

Drug Micro-Carriers Based on Polymers and Their Sterilization

“…Several studies have addressed the evaluation of the cytotoxicity of PBS, both in cells and in animals, which is key in their application in tissue replacement or as drug carriers [119][120][121][122]. Some authors have studied the cytotoxicity of PBS scaffolds in osteoblasts, fibroblasts and femoral bone of white rabbits, demonstrating the potential of PBS in tissue engineering applications [123][124][125].…”