Development and validation of the Characteristics of Resilience in Sports Teams Inventory.

Abstract

This multi-study paper reports the development and initial validation of an inventory for the Characteristics of Resilience in Sports Teams (CREST). In four related studies, 1225 athletes from Belgium and the United Kingdom were sampled. The first study provided content validity for an initial item set. The second study explored the factor structure of the CREST, yielding initial evidence but no conclusive results. In contrast, the third and fourth study provided evidence for a two-factor measure, reflecting (a) the team's ability to display resilient characteristics and (b) the vulnerabilities being displayed under pressure. Overall, the CREST was shown to be reliable at the between-players and the between-teams level, as well as over time. Moreover, its concurrent validity was verified by linking the characteristics of team resilience with various relevant team processes. Its discriminant validity was established by comparing the CREST measures with individual athletes' resilient traits. In conclusion, the CREST was argued to be a usable state-like measure of team-level resilient characteristics and vulnerabilities. To gain further understanding of team resilience as a process, this measurement could be used in future process-oriented research examining adverse events and sports team's pre-and post-adversity functioning.

Team Dynamics Theory: Nomological network among cohesion, team mental models, coordination, and collective efficacy

“…The Oxford dictionary defines resilience as "the ability of a substance or object to spring back into shape; elasticity" [186]. In team psychology, resilience carries an analogous meaning, denoting the ability of teams to adapt and recover from major biopsycho-social stressors [187,188]. Conceptually, resilience is thought to reflect an "umbrella construct", insofar that resilient teams possess multiple well-developed team processes [189,190].…”

An Adaptation Study of Measurement Properties for the Characteristics of Resilience in Sports Team Inventory

“…[13]). Resilience is a key determinant of athletes' sporting success [14] and wellbeing [15] that has helped us to understand why one athlete reacts with negative symptoms to an objectively less important event when another athlete may not experience distress even in the face of apparent major disruption [6]. More specifically, resilience was defined as "the role of mental processes and behaviour in promoting personal assets and protecting an individual from the potential negative effect of stressors" [7] (p. 675) and [13] (p. 16).…”

“…Team resilience has been defined as a "dynamic, psychological process that protects a group of individuals from the potential negative effects of stressors they collectively encounter" [13] (p. 552). Despite its applicability to team sports and team context at an educational level (e.g., team sports at school), it has only recently been revealed by researchers (for a review, see [19,20]) how team resilience and a team's collective resources can be employed to withstand such shared demands [14]. For example, Morgan and colleagues [21] indicated four main characteristics of team resilience: (a) group structure, (b) mastery approaches, (c) social capital, and (d) collective efficacy.…”

“…For example, Morgan and colleagues [21] indicated four main characteristics of team resilience: (a) group structure, (b) mastery approaches, (c) social capital, and (d) collective efficacy. In addition to these characteristics, a follow up study [21] revealed developmental antecedents of team resilience in order to help coaches and educators to prepare their teams for upcoming adversities in four ways: (a) developing a collective vision for functioning under pressure, (b) using shared experiences to learn from, (c) empowering a strong team identity, and (d) promoting positive emotions and enjoyment [14]. Both studies help us to advance our knowledge of resilience in the team settings by clarifying what a resilient team looks like with the collective characteristics mentioned above and therefore how a team can get more resilient over time [14].…”

“…However, with specific regard to the hypothesized effects of psychological process on team performance, measurement of team resilience has only been recently administrated by Decroos and colleagues [14], this is the Characteristics of Resilience in Sports Teams Inventory (CREST). Researchers suggested that to measure and assess team resilience more distinctly and objectively in the sports context a specific measure is needed [19,23] more globally and locally [24].…”