Encouraging mitigation behaviour at the personal level is vital to address the issue of global climate change. However, despite numerous climate change communication campaigns, a large percentage of people still feel reluctant to engage in mitigation behaviours. In this paper, we reconsidered the gap between people's objective knowledge on climate change and their mitigation intention in tourism context. By applying protection motivation theory (PMT) and construal level theory (CLT), we accessed the mediating role of threat appraisal and coping appraisal in the context of ski tourism.The results indicate that generally, appraisal of climate change's threat on ski tourism mediates the relationship between knowledge and behavioural intention. Besides, the role of coping appraisal is also partially supported. By contextualizing this study in tourism context and also by separating generally response efficacy from that in terms of ski tourism, we verified the effect of proximising climate change on encouraging mitigation behaviour. This study contributes to existing literature by (i) empirically examining knowledge as an antecedent of PMT and also (ii) incorporating CLT to PMT in a tourism context. The findings have important implications for encouraging personal mitigation behaviours.

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This paper explores how travel constraints influence seniors' travel decision. By including social support for travel as a moderator in the hierarchical constraint model, we examined the effects of travel constraints, social support, and negotiation strategies on seniors' travel intentions. Face-to-face questionnaire interviews were conducted with Chinese seniors. The results were in accordance with the hierarchical constraint model in general, but also revealed some interesting findings: (a) for Chinese seniors, intrapersonal constraint (health constraint, habit constraint) and interpersonal constraint played a vital role in influencing travel intentions; (b) the negative effect of structural constraint was negotiable, but the negative impacts of intrapersonal and interpersonal constraints were hard to negotiate; (c) the effects of subconstraints at the same level were heterogeneous, for example, the effects of cost constraint were insignificant, while those of time and transportation constraints were significant; (d) social support for travel had a negative moderating role on the relationship between habit constraint and negotiation but a positive moderating role on the relationship between interpersonal constraint and negotiation. Both theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

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