Development and validation of a TaqMan probe-based real-time PCR method for the differentiation of wild type lumpy skin disease virus from vaccine virus strains

Agianniotaki, Eirini I.; Chaintoutis, Serafeim C.; Haegeman, Andy; Tasioudi, Konstantia E.; Leeuw, Ilse De; Katsoulos, Panagiotis D.; Sachpatzidis, Achilleas; Clercq, Kris De; Alexandropoulos, Thomas; Polizopoulou, Z. S.; Chondrokouki, Eleni; Dovas, Chrysostomos Ι.

doi:10.1016/j.jviromet.2017.08.011

Cited by 62 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Confirmation of vaccine‐like LSDV DNA presence was validated using the assay by Agianniotaki et al. () (Table ). The agreement in the detection of vaccine‐like LSDV DNA between the pooled samples was 100%.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The “SheepPox‐LSD vac” vaccine batch used for vaccination was confirmed free of LSDV genome contamination as tested by the Pestova assay (Pestova et al., ), the current vaccine real‐time PCR assay and the Agianniotaki assay (Agianniotaki et al., ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Confirmation of vaccine LSDV DNA in pooled fly samples was accomplished using the assay by Agianniotaki et al. () as described.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Detection of vaccine-like lumpy skin disease virus in cattle and Musca domestica L. flies in an outbreak of lumpy skin disease in Russia in 2017

Sprygin

Pestova

Prutnikov

et al. 2018

Transbound Emerg Dis

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Since 2012, lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) has been spreading from the Middle East to south-east Europe and Russia. Although vaccination campaigns have managed to contain LSDV outbreaks, the risk of further spread is still high. The most likely route of LSDV transmission in short distance spread is vector-borne. Several arthropod species have been suggested as potential vectors, but no proven vector has yet been identified. To check whether promiscuous-landing synanthropic flies such as the common housefly (Musca domestica) could be involved, we carried out entomological trapping at the site of a recent LSDV outbreak caused by a vaccine-like LSDV strain. The presence of vaccine-like LSDV DNA was confirmed by the assay developed herein, the assay by Agianniotaki et al. (2017) and RPO30 gene sequencing. No evidence of field LSDV strain circulation was revealed. In this study, we discovered that M. domestica flies carried vaccine-like LSDV DNA (C > 25.5), whereas trapped stable flies from the same collection were negative for both field and vaccine LSDV. To check whether flies were contaminated internally and externally, 50 randomly selected flies from the same collection were washed four times and tested. Viral DNA was mainly detected in the 1st wash fluid, suggesting genome or even viral contamination on the insect cadaver. In this study, internal contamination in the insect bodies without differentiation between the body locations was also revealed; however, the clinical relevance for mechanical transmission is unknown. Further work is needed to clarify a role of M. domestica in the transmission of LSDV. To our knowledge, this is the first report demonstrating that an attenuated LSD vaccine strain has been identified in Russian cattle given the ban on the use of live attenuated vaccines against LSDV.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Detection of vaccine-like lumpy skin disease virus in cattle and Musca domestica L. flies in an outbreak of lumpy skin disease in Russia in 2017

Sprygin

Pestova

Prutnikov

et al. 2018

Transbound Emerg Dis

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“…In Serbia, two real-time TaqMan-PCR assays for detection of field LSDV strain currently circulating in the Balkan Peninsula were developed by Vidanovic et al (2016) and validated on 111 field samples from both infected and vaccinated animals. Agianniotaki et al (2017) recently developed and validated a duplex quantitative real-time PCR method targeting the viral G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) gene, for the concurrent detection and differentiation of LSDV wild-type and vaccine strains. Agianniotaki et al (2017) recently developed and validated a duplex quantitative real-time PCR method targeting the viral G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) gene, for the concurrent detection and differentiation of LSDV wild-type and vaccine strains.…”

Section: Update On Available Diagnostic Tools For Lsdmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The assays were considered more sensitive than the gel-based PCR developed by Menasherow et al (2014) but less sensitive than the qPCR set of (Bowden et al, 2008) 11 Because it is based on the absence of signal rather than a vaccine-specific signal, it needs to be used in parallel with other real-time PCR methods for capripoxvirus detection to exclude vaccine strains. The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity for the wild-type virus were 100% (95% CI: 96.67-100%) and 100% (95% CI: 97.14-100%), respectively, and for the vaccine virus, they were 98.18% (95% CI: 90.28-99.95%) and 100% (95% CI: 97.99-100%), respectively (Agianniotaki et al, 2017). The method was evaluated in three laboratories.…”

Section: Update On Available Diagnostic Tools For Lsdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lumpy skin disease II. Data collection and analysis

2018

EFS2

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The spatial and temporal patterns of lumpy skin disease (LSD) epidemics were analysed based on the data collected from affected and at-risk countries in southeastern Europe in 2016 and 2017. The reported outbreaks decreased from 7,483 in 2016 to 385 in 2017. Those were reported mainly in Albania in areas where vaccination was not completed. Only two and four outbreaks were reported in Greece and in the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia in 2017, respectively, where the herd immunity achieved by vaccination significantly reduced the further spread of the disease. However, this showed that the virus was still circulating and may re-emerge in not fully immunised animals. No further outbreaks were reported in the other countries that were affected in 2016, thus providing field evidence about the effectiveness of the regional vaccination campaign. The mathematical model fit to the Albanian data showed that the LSD spread is mostly up to 4 km with some longer distance transmission. The inclusion of relative vector abundance improves the model fit and supports that the abundance of potential LSD vectors is one of the major risk factors for LSD spread. This should be confirmed by field surveys on potential LSD vectors. The vaccination effectiveness in Albania, Bulgaria and Greece was estimated by survival analysis and Cox regression model to be 62%, 96% and 84%, respectively, and these results were validated by the mathematical model. This highlighted that the high coverage vaccination with the live homologous vaccine is the most effective measure for reducing lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) spread. The housing type of animals was explored as risk factor in Greece, and the risk in farms with outdoor access was six times higher than in farms where animals are kept indoors, independently of vaccination status.

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Lumpy Skin Disease and Vectors of LSDV

Gelaye

Lamien

2019

Transboundary Animal Diseases in Sahelian Africa and Connected Regions

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Development and validation of a TaqMan probe-based real-time PCR method for the differentiation of wild type lumpy skin disease virus from vaccine virus strains

Cited by 62 publications

References 52 publications

Detection of vaccine-like lumpy skin disease virus in cattle and Musca domestica L. flies in an outbreak of lumpy skin disease in Russia in 2017

Detection of vaccine-like lumpy skin disease virus in cattle and Musca domestica L. flies in an outbreak of lumpy skin disease in Russia in 2017

Lumpy skin disease II. Data collection and analysis

Lumpy Skin Disease and Vectors of LSDV

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