Lumpy Skin Disease and Vectors of LSDV

Gelaye, Esayas; Lamien, Charles Euloge

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-25385-1_13

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…Previous studies have shown that using the KSGPO-240 vaccine could lead to lesions in vaccinated animals similar to the LSD symptoms [ 44 , 45 ]. However, since the disease is transmitted by arthropod vectors capable of moving across countries such as those reported in the farms in Nepal, it is likely that the LSD virus was introduced to Nepal by animal importation from neighboring countries or by mechanical transmission [ 4 , 5 ]. It was recently suggested that the introduction of LSD in Nepal in June 2020 was likely due to the continuous flow of informal cross-border movements of cattle from India to districts in eastern Nepal, usually by foot, given there are no official records of live cattle or buffalo imports from India in the fiscal year 2019 [ 46 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular Characterization of the 2020 Outbreak of Lumpy Skin Disease in Nepal

Koirala¹,

Meki

Maharjan³

et al. 2022

Microorganisms

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Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is a transboundary viral disease of cattle and buffaloes transmitted by blood-feeding vectors and causes high morbidity and low-to-moderate mortality. Since the first observation of LSD in Zambia in 1929, it has spread in cattle populations across African countries, the Middle East, Europe, and Asia. Following the recent outbreaks of LSD in South Asian countries such as India and Bangladesh, the disease was first reported in cattle farms in Nepal in June 2020. This study investigated the Nepalese LSD outbreak and confirmed that the disease spread rapidly to three neighboring districts in a month, infecting 1300 animals. Both cattle and buffaloes showed common clinical signs of LSD, with the exception that the buffaloes presented small nodular lesions without centered ulcerations. The collected samples were first tested for the presence of LSDV by real-time PCR. We further applied molecular tools, RPO30, GPCR, EEV glycoprotein gene, and B22R, for additional characterization of the LSDV isolates circulating in Nepal. Using a PCR-based Snapback assay, we confirmed that samples collected from cattle and buffaloes were positive of LSDV. Furthermore, sequence analysis (phylogenetic and multiple sequence alignments) of four selected LSDV genes revealed that the Nepal LSDVs resemble the Bangladesh and Indian isolates and the historic isolates from Kenya. We also highlight the importance of a unique B22R gene region harboring single-nucleotide insertions in LSDV Neethling and LSDV KSGPO-240 vaccine strains, enabling us to differentiate them from the Nepalese isolates and other fields isolates. This study demonstrates the importance of disease surveillance and the need to determine the source of the disease introduction, the extent of spread, modes of transmission, and the necessary control measures.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…LSDV is transmitted by blood-feeding vectors such as stable flies, mosquitoes, and ticks [ 4 , 5 , 6 ]. LSD causes high morbidity and low-to-moderate mortality.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Characterization of the 2020 Outbreak of Lumpy Skin Disease in Nepal

Koirala¹,

Meki

Maharjan³

et al. 2022

Microorganisms

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“…A recent study reported OPEN ACCESS EDITED BY the isolation of LSDV genomic DNA from the nodules of springboks, oryxes, and giraffes. Research evidence has also confirmed that experimental infection can lead to clinical signs in impalas and giraffes (3)(4)(5).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Subclinical infection caused by a recombinant vaccine-like strain poses high risks of lumpy skin disease virus transmission

Shumilova,

Prutnikov,

Mazloum

et al. 2024

Front. Vet. Sci.

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Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is a transboundary viral infection, affecting cattle with characteristic manifestations involving multiple body systems. A distinctive characteristic of lumpy skin disease is the subclinical disease manifestation wherein animals have viremia and shed the virus through nasal and ocular discharges, while exhibiting no nodules but enlarged lymph nodes that are easily oversighted by inexperienced vets. Further research on the role of subclinically ill animals in the transmission of LSD virus (LSDV) can contribute to the development of more effective tools to control the disease worldwide. Thus, this study aims to determine the potential role of subclinical infection in virus transmission in a non-vector-borne manner. To achieve this, we inoculated animals with the recombinant vaccine-like strain (RVLS) Udmurtiya/2019 to cause clinical and subclinical LSDV infection. After the disease manifestation, we relocated the subclinically ill animals to a new clean facility followed by the introduction of another five animals to determine the role of RVLS-induced subclinical infection in the virus transmission via direct/indirect contact. After the introduction of the naïve animals to the relocated subclinically ill ones in a shared airspace, two introduced animals contracted the virus (clinically and subclinically), showing symptoms of fever, viremia, and seroconversion in one animal, while three other introduced animals remained healthy and PCR-negative until the end of the study. In general, the findings of this study suggest the importance of considering LSDV subclinical infection as a high-risk condition in disease management and outbreak investigations.

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“…In infected animal the development of distinctive nodular skin abrasions may spread throughout the body with the diameter of about 10 to 50mm, as well as painful ulcerative lesions occasionally form in one or both eyes, resulting in blindness. Pox lesions can also develop on nearly any internal organ surface as well as the entire respiratory tract and digestive system in infected animal (Gelaye and Lamien, 2019). The nodules of greyish to white color are appeared on each layer of epidermis in case animal.…”

Section: Clinical Manifestationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lumpy Skin Disease: A Fast Growing Transboundary Disease in Many Countries of Different Continents Including Pakistan

Javed,

Ali,

Farooq

et al. 2023

JIS

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The lumpy skin disease is a viral infection in which many nodules are appeared on skin and other parts of body in animals. This virus, lump skin disease virus (LSDV) belongs to capripox virus genus is the main cause of lumpy skin disease (LSD). It is an acute or sub-acute systemic viral disorder of buffalo and cattle. It is recently discovered disease of cattle which is putting a negative impact on economy of dairy industry in Asia. The rounded Nodules on skin is the early symptom of LSD in clinical investigation. The nodules in the mucous membranes of nose and mouth, subcutaneous edema, emaciation, and exaggerated lymphadenopathy are additional clinical symptoms of this disease. Mortality rates is about 3 % in endemic regions of Asia while the morbidity is upto10%. The LSDV is transmitted through the entry of blood from outsource by biting of arthropods including mosquitoes and flies from infected animal to healthy one. To control the dispersal of LSDV, infected animals should be quarantined, restricted its movement and place them in a place of no entry of vectors, arthropods. The recent review investigated new knowledge on several facets of the disorder, including its distribution, transmission, origin, pathophysiology, host vulnerability, diagnosis, preventiand therapeutic approaches. Lumpy skin disease virus belongs to Poxviridae family and genus, Capripoxvirus. It cause acute to fatal infection in cattle. Lumpy skin disease results in loss of weight, infertility, abortion in cows and reduction in milk production. In this way this disease has a serious threat to economy of Middle East, European and African countries due to loss of meat and dairy products. LSD is becoming a global threat mainly in region of Middle East and Europe due to trading patterns and climate change as well. LSDV is spreading from one to another through vectors like flies and insects which bite these infected animal and suck blood from their skin and transfer the causative agent from infected animals to healthy one. There are number of factors upon which the spreading of LSDV depends including, environment, humidity, temperature and regions where vectors of its dispersal are more. This disease is spreading at its high at the end of summer season when there is more humidity in air and autumn. Its control is done by vaccination and quarantine of infected animal to prevent its contact with the healthy animals.

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Lumpy Skin Disease and Vectors of LSDV

Cited by 6 publications

References 73 publications

Molecular Characterization of the 2020 Outbreak of Lumpy Skin Disease in Nepal

Molecular Characterization of the 2020 Outbreak of Lumpy Skin Disease in Nepal

Subclinical infection caused by a recombinant vaccine-like strain poses high risks of lumpy skin disease virus transmission

Lumpy Skin Disease: A Fast Growing Transboundary Disease in Many Countries of Different Continents Including Pakistan

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