Development and physicochemical, toxicity and immunogenicity assessments of recombinant hepatitis B surface antigen (rHBsAg) entrapped in chitosan and mannosylated chitosan nanoparticles: as a novel vaccine delivery system and adjuvant

Abstract

In this study chitosan nanoparticles (CS NPs) and mannosylated chitosan nanoparticles (MCH NPs) loaded with recombinant hepatitis B surface antigen (rHBsAg) was synthesized as a vaccine delivery system and assessed toxically and immunologically. The physicochemical properties of the nanoparticles (NPs) were determined by methods including scanning electron microscope (SEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The morphology of the NPs was semi spherical and the average diameter of the loaded CS and MCH NPs was found to be 189 and 239 nm, respectively. The release studies showed that after the initial burst, both of the loaded NPs provided a continuous and slow release of the antigens. 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay showed concentration and time dependent toxicity profile for both formulations, but rHBsAg loaded CS nanoparticle showed higher toxicity due to smaller particle size and larger zeta potential. Abnormal toxicity test (ATT) results showed no signs of toxicity in mice and guinea-pigs treated with loaded MCHNPs. Stability test for six months showed acceptable changes in size, surface charge, and antigenicity for loaded MCH nanoparticles. Finally, in vivo immunogenicity study revealed greater adjuvant capability of MCH nanoparticles than others formulations. Our results showed MCH NPs can be used as a controlled and targeted vaccine delivery system.

Silk Fibroin Nanoadjuvant as a Promising Vaccine Carrier to Deliver the FimH-IutA Antigen for Urinary Tract Infection

“…In dose 1/5 Fusion-e-SFNPs, higher IgG titer was induced than the fusion protein alone, probably attributed to the better protection of the antigen in SFNPs against degradation and its slow delivery to the immune cells. Similar results were obtained by Mehrabi et al, who used mannosylated chitosan as a suitable targeting vaccine delivery carrier …”

“…Similar results were obtained by Mehrabi et al, who used mannosylated chitosan as a suitable targeting vaccine delivery carrier. 36 Based on the IgG1 and IgG2a levels, mice vaccinated with antigen and antigen formulated with NPs induced a mixed of type 1 (Th1) and type 2 (Th2) immune responses, but a higher IgG2a/IgG1 ratio in mice that received Fusion-e-SFNPs suggests a Th1-polarized immune response. A mixed Th1/Th2 immune response is critical for developing a vaccine against pathogens with the ability to create extracellular and intracellular reservoirs, such as UPEC.…”

Immunological compatibility status of placenta-derived stem cells is mediated by scaffold 3D structure

“…This data was consistent with the report of Hudson et al in which showed that immunological profile of human stem cells could be manipulated using the modification of scaffold compositions [42]. Due to immunoprotective features of the encapsulation technique [43,44], it seems 3D encapsulation of AECs within chitosan-gelatine hydrogel would be a proper strategy to circumvent immunological response of the cells which needs to be evaluated in the future studies.…”

M-cell Targeting Acid-resistant Oral Vaccine Delivery for Immunization Against Hepatitis B Infection Using Cationic Solid Lipid Nanoparticles

“…Assay was performed by seeding con uent cells into 96 well culture plates for 24 h. Each cell containing 100 µl of antigen along with LPS-HB-cSLNs in various concentrations (12.5, 25, 50, 100, 200, 400, 800, and 1600 µg/ml) for 24 and 48 h followed by addition of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) dye in each well and incubated at 37 °C for 4 h. The viable cells reduced MTT into formazan crystals. The optical density of for mazan crystals was estimated at 562 nm [29]. Percentage viability of cell has been evaluated using following formula: Percent viability of cell = (Sample OD/Control OD) × 100 2.11 Induction of immunity Induction of immunity produced by prepared nanoparticle for hepatitis B was determined on female Balb/c mice.…”