Immunological compatibility status of placenta-derived stem cells is mediated by scaffold 3D structure

Abstract

Placenta-derived amniotic epithelial cells (AECs), a great cell source for tissue engineering and stem cell therapy, are immunologically inert in their native state; however, immunological changes in these cells after culture and differentiation have challenged their applications. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 2D and 3D scaffolds on human lymphocyte antigens (HLA) expression by AECs. The effect of different preparation parameters including pre-freezing time and temperature was evaluated on 3D chitosan-gelatine scaffolds properties. Evaluation of MHC class I, HLA-DR and HLA-G expression in AECs after 7 d culture on 2D bed and 3D scaffold of chitosan-gelatine showed that culture of AECs on the 2D substrate up-regulated MHC class I and HLA-DR protein markers on AECs surface and down-regulated HLA-G protein. In contrast, 3D scaffold did not increase protein expression of MHC class I and HLA-DR. Moreover, HLA-G protein expression remained unchanged in 3D culture. These results confirm that 3D scaffold can remain AECs in their native immunological state and modification of physical properties of the scaffold is a key regulator of immunological markers at the gene and protein expression levels; a strategy which circumvents rejection challenge of amniotic stem cells to be translated into the clinic.

Amniotic membrane and its epithelial and mesenchymal stem cells as an appropriate source for skin tissue engineering and regenerative medicine

“…Amnion, as one of the oldest biomaterials, exhibits a great potential to be utilized in tissue engineering, especially for skin regeneration. Anti-bacterial [17], anti-inflammatory [18,19] and nonimmunogenic properties [20] of amniotic membrane, as well as its ability to accelerate re-epithelialization [21], have been well proven in literature. Moreover, amnion-derived epithelial and mesenchymal cells possess self-renewal and differentiation characteristics [22].…”

Comparative in vitro study of the cytotoxicity of gelatine and alginate to human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells

“…This may be due to the hydrophilic nature of gelatine and alginate as biomaterial scaffold that facilitates cell attachment and water absorption in order to provide cell nutrition and metabolism activity. 21,22 Another factor that influenced cell metabolism in both biomaterial scaffolds was the pore size of the porous scaffold. A pore size of 100-300nm provided an environment conducive to cell metabolism.…”

Human Wharton’s Jelly—Cellular Specificity, Stemness Potency, Animal Models, and Current Application in Human Clinical Trials

“…In this review, we aimed to investigate clinical trials with the use of WJ-MSCs, and therefore the website clinicaltrials.gov was used, searching the terms "Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cell" and "WJ-MSC". Amongst the results, 6 clinical studies have been completed, 3 are currently ongoing, 10 are currently recruiting participants, 6 are not yet recruiting, and 1 is of unknown status. The conditions that are aimed at being treated with WJ-MSCs or their conditioned media include erectile disfunction associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (NCT02945449, NCT03751735), retinitis pigmentosa and inherited retinal dystrophy (NCT04224207), osteoarthrosis (NCT02963727), osteoarthritis (NCT03866330, NCT03337243), diabetic nephropathy (NCT03288571), spinal cord injury (NCT03003364, NCT04288934), type I diabetes (NCT03973827, NCT03406585), acute graft versus host disease (NCT03158896), cardiovascular diseases (NCT01291329, NCT02368587, NCT04011059, NCT03404063, NCT03798353, NCT03418233, NCT03533153), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (NCT02881476), inflammatory bowel disease (NCT03299413), critical limb ischemia (NCT03423732), chronic ulcer wounds (NCT04134676), decompensated liver cirrhosis (NCT03529136), pre-eclampsia diagnosis (NCT03562715), and COVID-19 (NCT04313322).…”

“…ASCs comprise hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), the latter being isolated from various tissue sources, such as bone marrow [3], adipose tissue [4], dental pulp [5], placenta [6], and many others. In contrast, stem cell properties have been discovered in cells that are normally not considered stem cells, such as ovarian granulosa cells [7,8] or buccal pouch mucosal cells [9].…”