Development and evaluation of microwave‐assisted and ultrasound‐assisted methods based on a quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe sample preparation approach for the determination of bisphenol analogues in serum and sediments

Abstract

Microwave- and ultrasound-assisted methods based on a quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe sample preparation approach followed by high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry were developed for the simultaneous determination of eight bisphenol analogues in serum and sediment. The developed methods provided satisfactory extraction efficiency for the energy provided by microwaves and ultrasound. Compositions of commercial sorbents (primary secondary amine, MgSO , octadecyl-modified silica, and graphitized carbon black) were evaluated. The ultrasound-assisted method was suited for serum using primary secondary amine, MgSO , and octadecyl-modified silica as sorbents and a mixture of hexane and ethyl acetate as extraction solvent. The microwave-assisted method worked better for sediment with tetrahydrofuran and methanol as solvents and primary secondary amine, MgSO , octadecyl-modified silica, and graphitized carbon black as sorbents. Other experimental parameters, such as extraction temperature and time, were also optimized. The inter- and intraday relative standard deviations ranged from 2.7 to 5.5%. The limits of detection were between 0.1 and 1.0 ng/mL for serum and between 0.1 and 0.5 ng/g dry weight for sediment. The proposed methods were successfully applied to seven sediment and 20 human serum samples. The results showed that the developed methods were practical for the analysis and biomonitoring of bisphenols in sera and sediment.

Simultaneous Analysis of Multiclass Contaminants of Emerging Concern in Sediments by Liquid Chromatography with Tandem Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry

“…The MDL for CECs ranged between 0.002 and 1.93 µg/kg by the proposed method. The sensitivity of the method was better for most of the CECs in comparison with different versions of the QuEChERS methods (Berlioz‐Barbier et al ; Carmona et al ; Santos et al ; Song et al ). Corresponding to the recoveries discussed earlier in this section, the sensitivity of gemfibrozil, naproxen, paracetamol (acetaminophen), caffeine, carbamazepine, and miconazole was higher for the proposed method than for the USEPA method (US Environmental Protection Agency ).…”

“…The sensitivity of the proposed method was compared on the basis of MDL with some other versions of QuEChERS (Berlioz-Barbier et al 2014;Carmona et al 2014;Santos et al 2016;Song et al 2017), MSPD (Li et al 2016), and the USEPA method (US Environmental Protection Agency 2007) as given in Table 5. Predominantly, the proposed method showed promise by achieving high sensitivity for all the CECs.…”

A Review on Tetrabromobisphenol A: Human Biomonitoring, Toxicity, Detection and Treatment in the Environment

“…Similarly, MAE was utilized to remove TBBPA from plastic waste within 30 min using hexane/Isopropanol and hexane/ethanol with recovery rate greater than 73% [ 147 ]. The introduction of ultrasound and microwave energy into QuEChERS technique increased the efficiency of extracting bisphenols including TBBPA significantly in serum and sediment samples [ 148 ]. BPA and TBBPA were detected in commercial milk samples by a rapid and facile microwave assisted ionic liquid microextraction (MAILME) method.…”

Βisphenol A and its analogs migrated from contact materials into food and beverages: An updated review in sample preparation approaches

“…Various matrices are in the spotlight of different research groups for the determination of BPA and its analogs in literature. These include environmental samples, food samples as well as matrices of bioanalytical interest [8][9][10][11]. Different analytical techniques have been used for the determination of bisphenol analogs in numerous samples.…”