Development and Clinical Implementation of a Universal Bolus to Maintain Spot Size During Delivery of Base of Skull Pencil Beam Scanning Proton Therapy

Both, Stefan; Shen, Jiajian; Kirk, Maura; Lin, Liyong; Tang, Suqin; Alonso‐Basanta, Michelle; Lustig, Robert A.; Lin, Haibo; Deville, Curtiland; Hill‐Kayser, Christine; Tochner, Zelig; McDonough, James E.

doi:10.1016/j.ijrobp.2014.05.005

Cited by 41 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…For a majority of the current commercial proton beam systems, the minimum proton beam energy ranges from 70 to 100 MeV which is about 4.1–7.5 cm in water‐equivalent thickness (WET). In order to treat superficial target volume such as patients with head and neck cancer (HNC), and brain tumors, a range shifter (RS) is normally needed to attenuate the proton beam energy 3, 4, 5…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The RS which is normally composed of slab of plastics such as acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) and polyethylene 3, 4, 5 which broadens the proton beams due to the secondary scattering 6. In order to reduce the scattering and keep a smaller spot size, the air gap between the gantry nozzle and patient's skin must be reduced.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In order to avoid using RS, Both et al. introduced a rigid U‐shaped bolus placed close to the patient's head and neck region as an alternative 4. The advantage was to reduce the air gap and therefore the proton beam was able to maintain the spot size.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Redefine the role of range shifter in treating bilateral head and neck cancer in the era of Intensity Modulated Proton Therapy

Ding

Qin

et al. 2018

J Applied Clin Med Phys

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Redefine the role of range shifter in treating bilateral head and neck cancer in the era of Intensity Modulated Proton Therapy

Ding

Qin

et al. 2018

J Applied Clin Med Phys

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“…3,4 In order to apply the pencil beam scanning technique to tumors located proximal to the minimum range, a range shifter is needed to degrade the beam energy. 3,5,6 A range shifter is a uniform slab of material, usually plastic. Common plastics used include acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), Lexan, and polyethylene.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2, an analytic spot size formula is introduced and validated by comparison with measurements reported in the literature. 5 Then, the analytic tool is applied to various delivery parameter combinations: air gaps ranging from 5 to 50 cm, proton energies from 70 to 200 MeV, and range shifter thicknesses of 7 g/cm 2 and 4.5 g/cm 2 . Results for six commonly used range shifter materials are presented, with water as the reference material.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of range shifter material on proton pencil beam spot characteristics

et al. 2015

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Purpose: To quantitatively investigate the effect of range shifter materials on single-spot characteristics of a proton pencil beam. Methods: An analytic approximation for multiple Coulomb scattering ("differential Moliere" formula) was adopted to calculate spot sizes of proton spot scanning beams impinging on a range shifter. The calculations cover a range of delivery parameters: six range shifter materials (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, Lexan, Lucite, polyethylene, polystyrene, and wax) and water as reference material, proton beam energies ranging from 75 to 200 MeV, range shifter thicknesses of 4.5 and 7.0 g/cm 2 , and range shifter positions from 5 to 50 cm. The analytic method was validated by comparing calculation results with the measurements reported in the literature. Results: Relative to a water-equivalent reference, the spot size distal to a wax or polyethylene range shifter is 15% smaller, while the spot size distal to a range shifter made of Lexan or Lucite is about 6% smaller. The relative spot size variations are nearly independent of beam energy and range shifter thickness and decrease with smaller air gaps. Conclusions: Among the six material investigated, wax and polyethylene are desirable range shifter materials when the spot size is kept small. Lexan and Lucite are the desirable range shifter materials when the scattering power is kept similar to water. C 2015 Author(s). All article content, except where otherwise noted, is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License.

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Treatment Planning for Scanning Beam Proton Therapy

Anand¹,

Bues²

2022

Principles and Practice of Particle Therapy

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Development and Clinical Implementation of a Universal Bolus to Maintain Spot Size During Delivery of Base of Skull Pencil Beam Scanning Proton Therapy

Cited by 41 publications

References 10 publications

Redefine the role of range shifter in treating bilateral head and neck cancer in the era of Intensity Modulated Proton Therapy

Redefine the role of range shifter in treating bilateral head and neck cancer in the era of Intensity Modulated Proton Therapy

Impact of range shifter material on proton pencil beam spot characteristics

Treatment Planning for Scanning Beam Proton Therapy

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