Development and Application of the Serotonin Voltametric Sensors Based on Molecularly Imprinting Technology

Abstract

A novel modified glassy carbon electrode was prepared as an electrochemical voltammetric sensor based on molecularly imprinted polymer film for serotonin detection. The sensitive film was prepared by co-polymerization of 5-hydroxy tryptophan (5-HTP) and acrylamide (AM) on the carbon nanotubes modified glassy carbon electrode. The surface morphologies of the modified electrodes were characterized by scanning electron microscope. The electrochemical behavior of serotonin molecules on the imprinted electrode was studied by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Under the optimum conditions, the linear relationships between current and concentration were obtained in the range from 1.8 × 10 −6 to 5.4 × 10 −9 mol L −1 , with the linear regression equation Ip = 1.552 C + 8.778 × 10 −8 (I: μA, C: μmol L −1 ), correlation coefficient 0.9997. The detection limit of 1.8 × 10 −10 mol L −1 was achieved (S/N = 3). The applicability of the modified electrode was demonstrated by determination of serotonin in human serum. Moreover, the possible oxidation mechanism of 5-HT was discussed.

Advances in Molecularly Imprinted Polymers Based Affinity Sensors (Review)

“…Therefore, such artificially created cavities are very selectively recognizing imprinted molecules and the action of MIPs is similar to that of antibodies or receptors. In addition, MIPs-based sensors are rather stable, because they mostly are based on a stable polymeric-matrix, e.g., acrylamide [ 171 ], acrylic acid and methacrylic acid, which both are frequently applied in the design of various molecularly imprinted polymer-based structures [ 172 , 173 , 174 , 175 ]. For the development of MIPs many different methods can be applied.…”

Electrochemically Deposited Molecularly Imprinted Polymer-Based Sensors

“…Due to the abovementioned reasons, the application of molecularly imprinted polymers in the design of affinity sensors is a rather new and promising direction of sensorics [ 188 ]. The highest stability is observed for MIPs based on acrylamide, methacrylic acid and acrylic acid [ 113 , 189 , 190 , 191 , 192 ].…”

Dual-Layered Nanomaterial-Based Molecular Pattering on Polymer Surface Biomimetic Impedimetric Sensing of a Bliss Molecule, Anandamide Neurotransmitter

“…28,29 Recently, several researchers focused on MIP-based electrochemical and optical platforms for different neurotransmitters' detection, such as dopamine detection through a silanized magnetic graphene oxide (Si-MG)-MIPbased chemiluminescence biosensor with a detection limit of 1.5 ng/mL, 30 thermal wave analysis on a functional MIP interface with a detection limit of 4.7 × 10 −6 M, 26 an MIPfabricated quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) biosensor, 31 an MIP-modified field-effect transistor (FET) biosensor with the detection limit of 40 nM−20 μM, 32 and polypyrrole (PPy)/ ZIF-67/Nafion hybrid-based MIP-modified GCE with a detection limit of 0.0308 μM. 33 In other studies, researchers focused on MIP-associated nanomaterials, like an MIP-coated SiO 2 nanobead core−shell-decorated electrochemical sensor, 34 CNT/MIP-modified GCE with a detection limit of 1.8 × 10 −10 mol, 35 a 2D hexagonal boron nitride (2D-hBN) nanosheetincorporated graphene quantum dot (QD)-based MIP electrochemical sensor with a detection limit of 2.0 × 10 −13 M, 36 and an MIP-based Mn 2+ -doped ZnS QD-modified fluorescence sensor with a detection limit of 0.69 ng/mL for serotonin detection in biological samples. 37 Similarly, MIP-based sensors for acetylcholine, 38−41 histamine, 42 and glutamate 43 detection have also been developed previously.…”

“…This technique has overcome problems of the version of enzyme-based biosensors that suffer from low stability and selectivity along with complicated enzyme immobiliztion and purification procedures. , The molecular imprinting technology uses a direct-electron-transfer shuttle-free detection strategy and creates a selective 3D space for individual target molecules in the detection system. , The MIP technique is a polymer matrix-based approach with molecular recognition sites and target molecule removal, vacating 3D microcavities complementary to the structural and chemical properties of target molecules, which exhibit higher specificity in rebinding to the target molecule. , The potential and effective use of MIP has been reported in sensing platform development due to its low price, high selectivity, specific adsorption capacity, elementary preparation procedures, and symmetrical distribution over the electrode. , Recently, several researchers focused on MIP-based electrochemical and optical platforms for different neurotransmitters’ detection, such as dopamine detection through a silanized magnetic graphene oxide (Si-MG)-MIP-based chemiluminescence biosensor with a detection limit of 1.5 ng/mL, thermal wave analysis on a functional MIP interface with a detection limit of 4.7 × 10 –6 M, an MIP-fabricated quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) biosensor, an MIP-modified field-effect transistor (FET) biosensor with the detection limit of 40 nM–20 μM, and polypyrrole (PPy)/ZIF-67/Nafion hybrid-based MIP-modified GCE with a detection limit of 0.0308 μM . In other studies, researchers focused on MIP-associated nanomaterials, like an MIP-coated SiO 2 nanobead core–shell-decorated electrochemical sensor, CNT/MIP-modified GCE with a detection limit of 1.8 × 10 –10 mol, a 2D hexagonal boron nitride (2D-hBN) nanosheet-incorporated graphene quantum dot (QD)-based MIP electrochemical sensor with a detection limit of 2.0 × 10 –13 M, and an MIP-based Mn 2+ -doped ZnS QD-modified fluorescence sensor with a detection limit of 0.69 ng/mL for serotonin detection in biological samples . Similarly, MIP-based sensors for acetylcholine, − histamine, and glutamate detection have also been developed previously.…”