Dual-Layered Nanomaterial-Based Molecular Pattering on Polymer Surface Biomimetic Impedimetric Sensing of a Bliss Molecule, Anandamide Neurotransmitter

Abstract

In this endeavor, a novel electrochemical biosensor was designed using multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)- and nickel nanoparticles (NiNPs)-embedded anandamide (AEA) imprinted polymer. The NiNPs so synthesized were mortared with MWCNTs and molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP), which enhanced sensitivity and selectivity of the developed sensor, respectively. The characterization methods of AEA-based MIP included X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis, which supported the successful synthesis of the polymer. Electrochemical studies of fabricated sensor were performed using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy in potentiostatic mode (PEIS). In this first phase of AEA-specific sensor development, MWCNT/NiNP/MIP@SPE was found to successfully discriminate between different concentrations of AEA. The developed sensing platform demonstrated a 100 pM–1 nM linear range with a 0.01 nM detection limit (LOD), 0.0149 mA/pM sensitivity, and 50% stability within 4 months. The sensor demonstrated selectivity toward AEA: although acetylcholine (ACh) and dopamine acted as strong interfering components because of their chemical similarity, the spiked AEA samples demonstrated ∼90% recoveries. Hence, our results have passed the first step in AEA detection at home, although with a clinical setup, future advancement is still required.

Gold-Modified Molecularly Imprinted N-Methacryloyl-(l)-phenylalanine-containing Electrodes for Electrochemical Detection of Dopamine

“…The MAPA monomer, with a similar molecular structure to DA through its various binding sites presented by phenylalanine, offers greater sensitivity with a low detection of limit for the MIP PGE sensor for DA detection compared to the other imprinted electrode sensors that are mentioned in the literature [36,37]. Nevertheless, many related imprinted polymer electrode sensors demonstrating parallel or better limits of detection have been reported (Table 3).…”

Tungsten Disulfide Decorated Screen-Printed Electrodes for Sensing of Glycated Hemoglobin

“…The increased level of blood sugar has a lasting impact on the patient’s body, with some of these effects being organ failure (eyes, blood vessels, nerves, kidneys, and heart) or dysfunction. The latest reports generated by the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (IFCC) show that about 415 million people are affected by diabetes globally, and 47% of the population are not aware of their condition. − Globally, it was observed that the number of adults suffering from diabetes increased from 198 (1980) to 422 (2014) million. The global prevalence increased from 4.7 to 8.5% in 1980.…”

“…They provide higher sensitivity, specificity, and thermal stability. MIP integrated biosensing platforms are stable at higher temperatures and pressure. − In this work, fructosyl amino acid oxidase was used as a template and HbA1c as an analyte. The concentration of HbA1c is determined with further experimentation, and different conditions were examined on the biosensor surface to check and evaluate the activity, stability, and other parameters of the designed nanobiosensor.…”

Development of Nanomaterial-Modified Impedimetric Aptasensor—A Single-Step Strategy for 3,4-Methylenedioxymethylamphetamine Detection

“…Classical techniques, such as suspended droplet-based liquid–liquid extraction and supported liquid extraction, require incubation, washing, and separation during sample processing. These techniques to functionally quantify analytes, however, are expensive and time-consuming, primarily because of the complexity of preliminary sample preparation techniques [ 9 , 10 ]. To broadly enable the analysis, the developed sensor for drug testing should be simple, rapid, and cost-effective.…”

“…Over the last decades, nanotechnology has been introduced to analytical methods and sensing technologies to improve the sensitivities of platforms. In this direction, metallic nanomaterials such as iron [ 22 ], zinc [ 23 , 24 ], nickel [ 9 , 25 ], and tin [ 18 , 26 ] have been suggested as promising matrices for the sensing application. Tin nanoparticles (SnNPs) are especially promising materials that exhibit unique physicochemical properties to promote transduction processes in electrochemical sensors.…”