Development and application of a bioenergetics model for juvenile walleye Pollock

Ciannelli, Lorenzo; Drodeur, R. D.; Buckley, Troy W.

doi:10.1111/j.1095-8649.1998.tb00589.x

Cited by 53 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…data). On average, daily consumption of euphausiids by the capelin and age-0 walleye pollock populations in the study area was only 2.4% (± 1.6 SE, n = 18) of the standing stock, which agrees with Ciannelli et al (1998) that in the western GOA there is little evidence of widespread limitation of prey. These estimates, however, may not be generally applicable due to fluctuations in predator (Bailey et al 1996b, Dorn et al 2004) and prey (Sugimoto & Tadokoro 1997) populations, and because they do not account for consumption by other zooplanktivores, or spatial patchiness in predator and prey populations (De Robertis 2002).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Comparative analysis of the feeding ecology of two pelagic forage fishes: capelin Mallotus villosus and walleye pollock Theragra chalcogramma

Wilson

Jump²,

Duffy‐Anderson³

2006

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Pelagic forage fishes are an important component in the transfer of trophic energy in marine ecosystems. Capelin Mallotus villosus and age-0 walleye pollock Theragra chalcogramma are pelagic forage fishes whose alternate fluctuations in abundance have been associated with systemwide biotic reorganization of the Gulf of Alaska (GOA) ecosystem. To better understand differences between these fishes, we compared their feeding ecology using samples of similar-sized (39 to 126 mm) individuals collected together in midwater trawl hauls during September 2000 to 2001 in the western GOA. Zooplankton samples were used to characterize prey availability. The comparative analysis focused on diet, feeding chronology, daily ration, and prey selectivity. The diet of both species mostly consisted of small copepods, large copepods, adult and juvenile euphausiids, thecosome pteropods, and larvaceans; consequently, the overall diet overlap was high. The diet overlap of fish from some samples, however, was low. Capelin fed mostly during crepuscular periods while pollock mostly fed at night. The daily ration estimate for capelin was low (1.8% body weight [BW]) relative to pollock (5.2% BW). Chesson's index of selectivity indicated preferential selection of euphausiids (adult and juvenile) by capelin and age-0 pollock. At euphausiid-poor locations, capelin stomachs were mostly empty while pollock stomachs contained alternate prey. Selectivity of amphipods, large copepods, larvaceans, and reptantians was higher for age-0 pollock than for capelin. Consumption of euphausiids increased with their abundance in the plankton, and consumption:biomass ratios indicate that localized depletion could occur. We hypothesize that capelin increase foraging mobility while age-0 pollock switch to alternate prey as a competitive response to limited euphausiid availability.KEY WORDS: Capelin · Age-0 walleye pollock · Diet overlap · Prey selectivity Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisher

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Comparative analysis of the feeding ecology of two pelagic forage fishes: capelin Mallotus villosus and walleye pollock Theragra chalcogramma

Wilson

Jump²,

Duffy‐Anderson³

2006

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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“…2 & 6). For Age-0 pollock, water temperature over the slope was furthest from their 10 to 13°C thermal optimum (Ciannelli et al 1998). Furthermore, the cruise speeds of 1 to 2 body length s -1 for Age-0 walleye pollock (Ryer et al 2002) are not sufficient to maintain position in the typical 30 to 40 cm s -1 flow of the Alaskan Stream.…”

mentioning

confidence: 93%

Ecology of small neritic fishes in the western Gulf of Alaska. I. Geographic distribution in relation to prey density and the physical environment

Wilson

2009

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Physical heterogeneity affects the geographic structure of coastal ocean ecosystems by influencing the spatial distribution of zooplankton and their nektonic predators. This was examined in the western Gulf of Alaska (GOA) during late summer (2000, 2001, and 2003) when seasonal increases in the Alaska Coastal Current flow and additions of Age-0 fishes to the nektonic community of small neritic fishes coincided with declining zooplankton abundance. The 48-site sampling grid was divided into 5 meso-scale areas based on physical condition (temperature, salinity, net current velocity). Larval crabs and fishes, and krill were the only zooplankton taxa for which the population density consistently differed by area regardless of diel period (day, night) or year. Larval crabs and fishes concentrated near shore in warm, low-salinity water. Krill concentrated in high-flow areas, which, over the shelf, were associated with sea valleys. Dominant fishes were walleye pollock Theragra chalcogramma, capelin Mallotus villosus, and eulachon Thaleichthys pacificus. Few fish occurred beyond the shelf in the cold, swift-flowing Alaskan Stream boundary current. Over the shelf, Age-1+ walleye pollock and eulachon aggregated with krill in high-flow areas. Smaller fishes (Age-0 walleye pollock and capelin) were more variably distributed, and were not well associated with taxon-specific zooplankton densities. Thus, relatively high flow in proximity to sea valleys was associated with concentrations of krill and fishes that presumably were able to efficiently forage on krill in high-flow areas. The year-to-year consistency in patterns is a noteworthy indication that geographic structure in the coastal GOA ecosystem may resist climate forcing.KEY WORDS: Walleye pollock · Capelin · Eulachon · Zooplankton · Population density · Body size Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherMar Ecol Prog Ser 392: [223][224][225][226][227][228][229][230][231][232][233][234][235][236][237] 2009 ecosystem productivity by facilitating local accumulations of zooplankton and zooplanktivores. This hypothesis has not been well tested, but is relevant to understanding the climate forcing of the GOA ecosystem.In the GOA, the oceanography in Shelikof Strait and southwestward to the Shumagin Islands is well known from process-oriented studies of walleye pollock Theragra chalcogramma recruitment (Kendall et al. 1996). Circulation is dominated by the Alaska Coastal Current (ACC), which is structured by freshwater input and driven along the coast by wind (Stabeno et al. 2004). The ACC exits Shelikof Strait and flows around Semidi Bank ( Fig. 1) ). Some flow continues over the northern part of Semidi Bank and along the Alaska Peninsula, but net current velocity is reduced (4 to 16 cm s -1 ). Most flow, however, is diverted southward at 20 to 30 cm s -1 over the Shelikof sea valley and along the eastern flank of Semidi Bank toward the slope. Offshore flow in the upper water column drives the estuarine circulation with...

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“…(2) If forage fish grazing controls zooplankton biomass and the strength of coupling of zooplankton production to phytoplankton production, there should be an inverse relationship between the abundance of forage fish and the strength of coupling between zooplankton and phytoplankton. More information is required about the consumption of zooplankton by larval fish (e.g., Dagg et al, 1984;Hillgruber et al, 1995;Napp et al, 1996Napp et al, , 2000, juvenile pollock (Ciannelli et al, 1998;Schabetsberger et al, 2000) and other forage fish under a variety of temperature and prey-density regimes. (3) In warm regimes, the biomass of adult pollock and other predatory fish will increase, and these predators will compete with other apex predators such as pinnipeds and marine birds for forage fish, with the result that bird and pinniped populations may decline.…”

Section: The Ochmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate change and control of the southeastern Bering Sea pelagic ecosystem

Hunt

Stabeno

Walters

et al. 2002

Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography

498

385

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We propose a new hypothesis, the Oscillating Control Hypothesis (OCH), which predicts that pelagic ecosystem function in the southeastern Bering Sea will alternate between primarily bottom-up control in cold regimes and primarily top-down control in warm regimes. The timing of spring primary production is determined predominately by the timing of ice retreat. Late ice retreat (late March or later) leads to an early, ice-associated bloom in cold water (e.g., 1995, 1997, 1999), whereas no ice, or early ice retreat before mid-March, leads to an open-water bloom in May or June in warm water (e.g., 1996, 1998, 2000). Zooplankton populations are not closely coupled to the spring bloom, but are sensitive to water temperature. In years when the spring bloom occurs in cold water, low temperatures limit the production of zooplankton, the survival of larval/juvenile fish, and their recruitment into the populations of species of large piscivorous fish, such as walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma), Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus) and arrowtooth flounder (Atheresthes stomias). When continued over decadal scales, this will lead to bottom-up limitation and a decreased biomass of piscivorous fish. Alternatively, in periods when the bloom occurs in warm water, zooplankton populations should grow rapidly, providing plentiful prey for larval and juvenile fish. Abundant zooplankton will support strong recruitment of fish and will lead to abundant predatory fish that control forage fish, including, in the case of pollock, their own juveniles. Piscivorous marine birds and pinnipeds may achieve higher production of young and survival in cold regimes, when there is less competition from large piscivorous fish for coldwater forage fish such as capelin (Mallotus villosus). Piscivorous seabirds and pinnipeds also may be expected to have high productivity in periods of transition from cold regimes to warm regimes, when young of large predatory species of fish are numerous enough to provide forage. The OCH predicts that the ability of large predatory fish populations to sustain fishing pressure will vary between warm and cold regimes.The OCH points to the importance of the timing of ice retreat and water temperatures during the spring bloom for the productivity of zooplankton, and the degree and direction of coupling between zooplankton and forage fish. in the biomass of large piscivorous fish and a concurrent decline in the biomass of forage fish, including age-1 walleye pollock, particularly over the southern portion of the shelf. Populations of northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus) and seabirds such as kittiwakes (Rissa spp.) at the Pribilof Islands have declined, most probably in response to a diminished prey base. The available evidence suggests that these changes are unlikely the result of a decrease in total annual new primary production, though the possibility of reduced post-bloom production during summer remains. An ecosystem approach to management of the Bering Sea and its fisheries is of great importance if all o...

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Development and application of a bioenergetics model for juvenile walleye Pollock

Cited by 53 publications

References 31 publications

Comparative analysis of the feeding ecology of two pelagic forage fishes: capelin Mallotus villosus and walleye pollock Theragra chalcogramma

Comparative analysis of the feeding ecology of two pelagic forage fishes: capelin Mallotus villosus and walleye pollock Theragra chalcogramma

Ecology of small neritic fishes in the western Gulf of Alaska. I. Geographic distribution in relation to prey density and the physical environment

Climate change and control of the southeastern Bering Sea pelagic ecosystem

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