Detoxification of Endotoxin by Endodontic Irrigants and Calcium Hydroxide

Buck, Richard A.; Cai, Jian; Eleazer, Paul D.; Staat, Robert H.; Hurst, Harrell E.

doi:10.1097/00004770-200105000-00003

Cited by 92 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Ethanol showed little breakdown of LPS in a study of detoxification of endotoxin. 18 In our results, LPS was still able to bind to polyethylene particles even in ethanol solutions and simply washing with ethanol did not significantly decrease the amount of LPS on polyethylene particles. Interestingly, Triton X-100 decreased the attachment of LPS to polyethylene particles by 90% in our results.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 39%

Accumulation of LPS by polyethylene particles decreases bone attachment to implants

Xing

Pabst

Hasty

et al. 2006

Journal Orthopaedic Research

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Molecules absorbed on the surface of particulate wear debris may contribute to inflammatory reactions that lead to aseptic loosening of implants. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a bacterial endotoxin, can attach to many biomaterials and stimulate macrophages to secrete osteoclast-activating cytokines. We tested the adsorption of LPS by polyethylene particles in vitro and examined the biological effects of LPS absorption on bone remodeling around implants in vivo. Polyethylene particles were incubated in radiolabeled LPS solutions, and adsorption of LPS by the particles was quantified by radioassay. Because polyethylene particles are hydrophobic and less dense than water, they floated and clumped when incubated in a water solution of LPS, resulting in low adsorption of LPS. However, when particles were incubated in an ethanol solution of LPS, most of the LPS was adsorbed by the particles, and was resistant to washing with water. Triton X-100 (10%), however, effectively washed the LPS off the particles. In a rat model, the presence of polyethylene particles around the implant in the femoral canal decreased bone attachment to the implant at 6 weeks. Incubating the particles with LPS before implantation, or intermittent administration of LPS systemically, further decreased bone-implant attachment to similar extents, but had no effect on the bone density of the control side femurs. Our data indicate that polyethylene particles have high affinity for LPS, depending on many factors, especially the solvents of the LPS. Intermittent systemic administration of LPS affects bone remodeling but only occurs in the area containing polyethylene particles and titanium implants, supporting the hypothesis that the presence of polyethylene particles around implants can result in accumulation of LPS from exogenous sources. This may cause local levels of LPS that are high enough to affect bone remodeling around implants. ß

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 39%

Accumulation of LPS by polyethylene particles decreases bone attachment to implants

Xing

Pabst

Hasty

et al. 2006

Journal Orthopaedic Research

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“…Both chlorhexidine and NaOCl have been demonstrated to have no significant effects on bacteria lipopolysaccharide. 60 Chlorhexidine has been shown to be less toxic than NaOCl, 9,61 though a comparative study using fluorescence assay on human periodontal ligament cells showed corresponding cytotoxicity with 0.4% NaOCl and 0.1% chlorhexidine. 62 Chlorhexidine exhibits substantivity to dentin and consequently may present residual antimicrobial effects for days to weeks and help prevent root canal reinfection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacteriologic investigation of the effects of sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine during the endodontic treatment of teeth with apical periodontitis

Siqueira

Rôças

Paiva

et al. 2007

Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, an

143

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Objective. This clinical study was undertaken to compare the effectiveness of 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and 0.12% chlorhexidine digluconate as irrigants in reducing the cultivable bacterial populations in infected root canals of teeth with apical periodontitis. Study design. According to stringent inclusion/exclusion criteria, 32 teeth with primary intraradicular infections and chronic apical periodontitis were selected and followed in the study. Bacterial samples were taken at the baseline (S1) and after chemomechanical preparation using either NaOCl (n ϭ 16) or chlorhexidine (n ϭ 16) as irrigants (S2). Cultivable bacteria recovered from infected root canals at the 2 stages were counted. Isolates from S2 samples were identified by means of 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis.

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“…Although CHX does have an antibacterial effect, its tissue dissolution ability is not good. EDTA, NaOCl, CHX, CHX chloride and ethanol have been shown to have little or no detoxifying ability for endotoxin -lipid A (17). On the other hand, calcium hydroxide has been shown to mediate degradation of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (18).…”

Section: Sundqvist Et Al (15) De-mentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial potential of medicaments used in healing process in dogs' teeth with apical periodontitis

et al. 2004

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The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of irrigants on the antimicrobial potential of calcium hydroxide paste in dogs' teeth with apical periodontitis. Forty-eight premolar teeth of adult mongrel dogs had their root canals opened to the oral environment for 6 months. The root canals were prepared and treated with different irrigating solutions and intracanal medicaments, according to the following groups: 1) 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) + calcium hydroxide paste (CHP); 2) 2% chlorhexidine (CHX) + CHP; 3) vinegar + CHP; 4) vinegar + vinegar. In group 4, both the irrigating solution and intracanal medicament were vinegar, which was renewed every 7 days. Each sample was collected by using two paper points maintained in position for 1 min, and individually transported and immersed in 7 mL of Letheen broth (LB), followed by incubation at 37 o C for 48 h. Microbial growth was analyzed by two methods: turbidity of the culture medium and subculture on a specific nutrient broth (brain heart infusion). After 21 days, all experimental groups had microbial growth, however, in different percentages: group 1 -30%; group 2 -30%; group 3 -40%; group 4 -60%. All materials tested had antimicrobial potential; however, the influence of calcium hydroxide paste on the control of microorganisms must be remembered.

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Detoxification of Endotoxin by Endodontic Irrigants and Calcium Hydroxide

Cited by 92 publications

References 10 publications

Accumulation of LPS by polyethylene particles decreases bone attachment to implants

Accumulation of LPS by polyethylene particles decreases bone attachment to implants

Bacteriologic investigation of the effects of sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine during the endodontic treatment of teeth with apical periodontitis

Antimicrobial potential of medicaments used in healing process in dogs' teeth with apical periodontitis

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