Determining the Optimum Power Load in Jump Squat Using the Mean Propulsive Velocity

Loturco, Irineu; Nakamura, Fábio Yuzo; Tricoli, Valmor; Kobal, Ronaldo; Abad, César Cavinato Cal; Kitamura, Kátia; Ugrinowitsch, Carlos; Gil, Saulo; Pereira, Lucas A.; González-Badillo, Juan José

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0140102

Cited by 92 publications

(89 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Indeed, it seems that performance in this exercise is strictly connected with performance in motor tasks executed at high velocities, such as maximal sprints and unloaded vertical jumps. From a functional standpoint, it is reasonable to assume that the mechanical characteristics of the ballistic exercises (which do not present deceleration phases during their concentric portions) [24] are more related to sport-specific movements directly influenced by the rates of acceleration achieved throughout the complete ranges of motion [5], such as jumps and short sprints. It is important to emphasize that the traditional HS presents an inherent “braking phase” [24,25] during its upward portion, which may compromise its relation/connection with motor tasks executed at very-high velocities [5,30,31].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The maximum MPP output attained in each exercise was considered for further analysis. The technical specification of the MPP analysis, its calculation, and the respective validity of the equipment used to perform this measurement have been previously reported in the literature [13,24,25]. The MPP divided by the athletes’ body mass (MPP REL) obtained in each exercise were used for analysis purposes.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Jump-Squat and Half-Squat Exercises: Selective Influences on Speed-Power Performance of Elite Rugby Sevens Players

Loturco¹,

Pereira²,

Moraes

et al. 2017

PLoS ONE

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the relation between the maximum mean propulsive power (MPP) obtained in the loaded jump squat (JS) and half squat (HS) exercises and functional performances in vertical jumps, 40 m linear speed (VEL) and change-of-direction (COD) tests, using the median split technique. Twenty-two male rugby sevens players from the Brazilian National Olympic Team (Rio-2016) performed vertical jumping tests (squat and countermovement jumps [SJ and CMJ]), JS and HS exercises, COD speed test and sprinting velocity in 40 m, in this order. Based on the results of the MPP in the JS and HS exercises the participants were divided, using the median split, into four groups as follows: higher JS, lower JS, higher HS, and lower HS. Between-group differences in the functional tasks were detected via magnitude-based inferences. The athletes with higher MPP in the JS were capable of jumping higher and sprinting faster (including the COD speed test) than their weaker counterparts. This pattern was not observed in the HS exercise. To conclude, JS was shown to be more connected to sprinting, COD speed and jumping abilities than HS in elite rugby sevens players and should be preferred for assessing and possibly training elite athletes needing to improve speed-power related abilities.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Jump-Squat and Half-Squat Exercises: Selective Influences on Speed-Power Performance of Elite Rugby Sevens Players

Loturco¹,

Pereira²,

Moraes

et al. 2017

PLoS ONE

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“…Power was calculated by multiplying bar force by bar velocity [27]. MPP in the JS exercise was calculated following the previously described method [22]. We considered the maximum MPP output obtained in all attempts and the higher value of MPP obtained using a load corresponding to 40 % of body mass for data analysis purposes.…”

Section: Maximum Mean Propulsive Power and Mean Propulsive Power Withmentioning

confidence: 99%

Traditional Periodization versus Optimum Training Load Applied to Soccer Players: Effects on Neuromuscular Abilities

Loturco¹,

et al. 2016

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It is unknown whether traditional periodization of strength-power training involving accumulation, transformation and realization blocks is superior to other simpler and more practical training schemes. The purpose of this study was thus to investigate changes in strength/power/speed characteristics of elite soccer players in response to either classic strength-power periodization (TSP) or optimum power load (OPL). 23 professional soccer players were randomly assigned to TSP or OPL for 6 weeks in-season regular training (3 times per week). TSP involved half squats or jump squats, depending on the respective training block, while OPL involved only jump squats at the optimum power load. Results revealed that both groups presented similar significant (<0.05) improvements in squat one repetition maximum, squat and countermovement jump heights and change of direction speed. In addition, although both groups reported significant increases in sprinting speed (<0.05); delta change scores demonstrated a superior effect of OPL to improve 10- and 20-m speed. Similarly, OPL presented greater delta change in mean propulsive power in the jump squat. Therefore, training continuously at the optimum power zone resulted in superior performance improvements compared to training under classic strength-power periodization.

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“…This corresponds to the "maximum dynamic output hypothesis" [13,[22][23][24]. However, due to individual neuromuscular characteristics, and training history, some athletes have a Lopt that differs from their own body mass, and would need either positive (additional load) or negative (assistance, unloaded conditions) loading to jump with their Lopt [23,25]. As a conclusion to this section, it is important to distinguish the power output developed during a maximal (i.e.…”

Section: 2mentioning

confidence: 99%

Jump height is a poor indicator of lower limb maximal power output: theoretical demonstration, experimental evidence and practical solutions

Morin¹,

Jiménez-Reyes²,

Brughelli³

et al. 2018

Preprint

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KEY POINTS1. Despite a widespread use, we contended that jump height as measured during vertical jump tests is not a good indicator of lower limb power or maximal power output capability.2. We showed this based on several confounding factors: body mass, push-off distance, individual force-velocity profile and optimal force-velocity profile. Some experimental data were also shown and discussed to further illustrate the not very-good correlation between jump height and power output.3. Finally, in order to address this issue, we discussed the possible practical solutions, and advocate for the use of a simple, accurate computation method based on jump height as an input. ABSTRACTLower limb maximal power output (Pmax) is a key physical component of performance in many sports. During squat jump (SJ) and countermovement jump (CMJ) tests, athletes produce high amounts of mechanical work over a short duration to displace their body mass (i.e. the dimension of mechanical power). Thus, jump height has been frequently used by the sports science and medicine communities as an indicator of Pmax. However, in this article, we contended that SJ and CMJ height are in fact poor indicators of Pmax in trained populations.To support our opinion, we first detailed why, theoretically, jump height and Pmax are not fully related. Specifically, we demonstrated that individual body mass, distance of push-off, optimal loading and force-velocity characteristics confound the jump height-Pmax relationship. We also discussed the poor relationship between SJ or CMJ height and Pmax measured with a force plate based on data reported in the literature, which added to our own experimental evidence. Finally, we discussed the limitations of existing practical solutions (regression-based estimation equations and allometric scaling), and advocated using a valid, reliable and simple field-based procedure to compute individual Pmax directly from jump height, body mass and push-off distance. The latter may allow researchers and practitioners to reduce bias in their assessment of Pmax by using jump height as an input with a simple yet accurate computation method, and not as the first/only variable of interest. Morin et al. Pre-Print -2018 -Jump height is a poor indicator of lower limb maximal power output3

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Determining the Optimum Power Load in Jump Squat Using the Mean Propulsive Velocity

Cited by 92 publications

References 39 publications

Jump-Squat and Half-Squat Exercises: Selective Influences on Speed-Power Performance of Elite Rugby Sevens Players

Jump-Squat and Half-Squat Exercises: Selective Influences on Speed-Power Performance of Elite Rugby Sevens Players

Traditional Periodization versus Optimum Training Load Applied to Soccer Players: Effects on Neuromuscular Abilities

Jump height is a poor indicator of lower limb maximal power output: theoretical demonstration, experimental evidence and practical solutions

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