Traditional Periodization versus Optimum Training Load Applied to Soccer Players: Effects on Neuromuscular Abilities

Abstract

It is unknown whether traditional periodization of strength-power training involving accumulation, transformation and realization blocks is superior to other simpler and more practical training schemes. The purpose of this study was thus to investigate changes in strength/power/speed characteristics of elite soccer players in response to either classic strength-power periodization (TSP) or optimum power load (OPL). 23 professional soccer players were randomly assigned to TSP or OPL for 6 weeks in-season regular training (3 times per week). TSP involved half squats or jump squats, depending on the respective training block, while OPL involved only jump squats at the optimum power load. Results revealed that both groups presented similar significant (<0.05) improvements in squat one repetition maximum, squat and countermovement jump heights and change of direction speed. In addition, although both groups reported significant increases in sprinting speed (<0.05); delta change scores demonstrated a superior effect of OPL to improve 10- and 20-m speed. Similarly, OPL presented greater delta change in mean propulsive power in the jump squat. Therefore, training continuously at the optimum power zone resulted in superior performance improvements compared to training under classic strength-power periodization.

One-Repetition-Maximum Measures or Maximum Bar-Power Output: Which Is More Related to Sport Performance?

“…17,18 Importantly, it has been shown that training within optimum power zones may be an effective way to improve strength and power abilities at both ends of the force-velocity curve (i.e., low-force, high-velocity portion; and high-force, low-velocity portion). 5,8 From these findings, it may be inferred that numerous sport disciplines could benefit from using this alternative resistance training scheme rather than more traditional 1RM-based methods.…”

“…Due to the inherent difficulties in applying 1RM tests [6][7][8] (and thus monitoring the resistance-training load), velocity-based training (VBT) 9,10 has emerged as a practical and advantageous alternative to control resistance training intensity. 11,12 Indeed, the strong relationship between force and velocity enable practitioners to rapidly estimate relative load (i.e., % 1RM), by simply monitoring movement velocity.…”

Periodization for optimizing strength and hypertrophy; the forgotten variables

“…This brings into question if it is necessary to alternate cycles of stress and recovery or simply train with an optimal combination of intensity, volume and recovery. In agreement with this, some studies have shown that periodization showed inferior 25 or similar 26 results to approaches involving constant training planned to increase specific performance without inducing excessive fatigue and overreaching. Therefore, discussing the effects of periodization without considering the adequacy of the training regimens (i.e.…”

Mechanical Differences between Barbell and Body Optimum Power Loads in the Jump Squat Exercise

“…Nevertheless, several studies have already reported that bar MPP in the OBC is highly related to actual performance in different sport disciplines (Loturco et al, 2014, 2015a, 2016a). In addition, it has been demonstrated that training at this optimum intensity may lead to superior performance improvements when compared to other loading/unloading conditions (Loturco et al, 2016b; Moss et al, 1997; Wilson et al, 1993). Although the reasons for these significant findings are not entirely clear, the current study shows that this range of loads (i.e., OBC) presents a singular mechanical condition.…”

“…In fact, JS MPP has been shown to be highly correlated with specific performance in athletes from distinct sports (Loturco et al, 2014, 2015a, 2016a). Additionally, it has been shown that training at the optimum load produces greater performance improvements than traditional strength training and reduces the speed-power decrements that usually occur during soccer preseasons (Loturco et al, 2015d, 2016b). …”