Determination of vertical displacements over the coastal area of Korea due to the ocean tide loading using GPS observations

Yun, Hong Sik; Lee, Dong-Ha; Song, Dong-Seob

doi:10.1016/j.jog.2006.11.005

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Previous studies [e.g., Yuan and Chao , ; Yuan et al ., ] have reported an RMS ~0.4–0.5 mm M 2 height agreement between parameterized GPS harmonic displacements and geophysical models, whereas this study demonstrates both an improved accuracy and also the use of truly independent validation data, i.e., without using any geophysical models whose quality is later desired to be tested. We also obtain a periodic displacement accuracy better than the previously reported M 2 height displacement accuracies obtained using kinematic GPS, which were typically 1–5 mm in amplitude and 0–10° in phase, based on comparisons with GPS harmonic displacements or geophysical models [e.g., Khan and Tscherning , ; Khan and Scherneck , ; King , ; Yun et al ., ; Melachroinos et al ., ; Vergnolle et al ., ; Ito et al ., ]. With our kinematic PPP GPS method, we found that unmodeled periodic displacement propagates directly into the matching coordinate component with around 100% admittance and without any arising spurious signals as reported for static GPS by King et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Yun et al . [] analyzed 7 weeks of relative hourly GPS positions around Korea and found M 2 height relative amplitude RMS errors with respect to NAO.99b, GOT00.2, and FES99 ranged from 1.0 to 4.6 mm, and 6–10° for the phase lags. Melachroinos et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the vector difference of the M 2 height component compared with that estimated using the harmonic parameter estimation method was 1.8 mm in amplitude. Yun et al [2007] analyzed 7 weeks of relative hourly GPS positions around Korea and found M 2 height relative amplitude RMS errors with respect to NAO.99b, GOT00.2, and FES99 ranged from 1.0 to 4.6 mm, and 6-10°for the phase lags. Melachroinos et al [2008] analyzed 105 days of data from eight sites in Brittany as part of a European network, estimating hourly relative positions using the GINS software; the resulting M 2 height complex misfits with respect to OTL model predictions were 1.8-4.0 mm, although differences of 10-20 mm arose at one site.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ocean tide loading displacements in western Europe: 1. Validation of kinematic GPS estimates

et al. 2015

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GPS has been extensively used to estimate tidal ground displacements, but the accuracy of this has not been systematically verified. Using more than 20 sites distributed across western Europe, we show that postprocessed kinematic precise point positioning GPS with appropriately tuned process noise constraints is capable of recovering synthetic tidal displacements inserted into real data, with a typical accuracy of 0.2 mm depending on the time series noise. The kinematic method does not result in erroneous propagation of signals from one coordinate component to another or to the simultaneously estimated tropospheric delay parameters. It is robust to the likely effects of day‐to‐day equipment and reference frame changes, and to outages in the data. A minimum data span of 4 years with at least 70% availability is recommended. Finally, we show that the method of reducing apparent coordinate time series noise by constraining the tropospheric delay to values previously estimated in static batch GPS analysis, in fact, results in the suppression of true tidal signals. Using our kinematic GPS analysis approach, periodic displacements can be reliably observed at the 0.2 mm level, which is suitable for the testing and refinement of ocean tide and solid Earth response models.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ocean tide loading displacements in western Europe: 1. Validation of kinematic GPS estimates

et al. 2015

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“…The periodic redistribution of ocean mass due to ocean tide results in a periodic loading of the solid earth known as ocean tide loading (OTL) [1], [2]. The influence of OTL on positioning GNSS stations can reach centimeter to decimeter magnitude in coastal areas [2], [3], [4], [5]. At present, the correction of ocean tide loading displacement (OTLD) cannot meet the precision requirements expected by International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service (IERS), especially for coastal areas [6], [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ocean Tide Loading Displacement Parameters Estimated From GNSS-Derived Coordinate Time Series Considering the Effect of Mass Loading in Hong Kong

Zhou

Liu

Guo

et al. 2020

IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Observations Remote Sensing

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In order to analyze the influence of mass loading (atmospheric loading (ATML), hydrological loading (HYDL), non-tidal ocean loading (NTOL)) on estimating ocean tide loading displacement (OTLD) parameters by GNSS, the kinematic precise point positioning (PPP) technique is used to process the GNSS data in Hong Kong to obtain coordinate time series. The three-dimensional OTLD parameters of eight principal constituents (M2, S2, N2, K2, K1, O1, P1, Q1) are estimated using harmonic analysis method from the coordinate time series with/without mass loading correction and random noise reduction. The GNSS-derived OTLD parameters are compared with the FES2014 and NAO.99b. The results show that GNSS/model agreement is generally at the sub-millimeter level (excluding S2, K1). After mass loading is corrected, the residual between OTLD parameter by GNSS and model of M2, S2, N2, P1, Q1 have been reduced more than 20%, while the accuracy improvement of other tidal constituents is not obvious. The influence of different mass loading on estimation of OTLD parameters is analyzed. Compared with ocean tide model, RMS misfit decreased by 7.52%, 7.76%, and 7.58% in North (N), East (E), and Up (U) with ATML correction, respectively. The accuracy is improved little in vertical direction and decreases slightly in horizontal direction with NTOL correction. The HYDL correction has little effect on OTLD estimation. After the random noise reduction, the accuracy of the estimation of OTLD parameters has been significantly improved, and the improvement of the accuracy of the semi-diurnal constituents is significantly greater than those of the diurnal constituents.

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“…Estimating OTL displacement from a high-sampling GPS coordinate series is called the kinematic method. Khan and Tscherning [15], Khan and Scherneck [16], Yun et al [17], Melachroinos et al [18], and Vergnolle et al [19] used a GPS (1–4 h) relative coordinate series to estimate relative OTL displacements in different regions, for which the M2 vector difference between the GPS estimates and OTL models was usually 1–5 mm. King et al [20] were the first to estimate absolute OTL displacements in Antarctica using a GPS kinematic precise point positioning (KPPP) coordinate series every 300 s. Since then, Ito et al [21], Ito and Simons [22], Bos et al [8], and Tu et al [23] have used KPPP to estimate the tidal deformation in different areas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accurate Evaluation of Vertical Tidal Displacement Determined by GPS Kinematic Precise Point Positioning: A Case Study of Hong Kong

Wei

Wang

Peng

2019

Sensors

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Global Positioning System (GPS) kinematic precise point positioning (KPPP) is an effective approach for estimating the Earth’s tidal deformation. The accuracy of KPPP is usually evaluated by comparing results with tidal models. However, because of the uncertainties of the tidal models, the accuracy of KPPP-estimated tidal displacement is difficult to accurately determine. In this paper, systematic vector differences between GPS estimates and tidal models were estimated by least squares methods in complex domain to analyze the uncertainties of tidal models and determine the accuracy of KPPP-estimated tidal displacements. Through the use of GPS data for 12 GPS reference stations in Hong Kong from 2008 to 2017, vertical ocean tide loading displacements (after removing the body tide effect) for eight semidiurnal and diurnal tidal constituents were obtained by GPS KPPP. By an in-depth analysis of the systematic and residual differences between the GPS estimates and nine tidal models, we demonstrate that the uncertainty of the tidal displacement determined by GPS KPPP for the M2, N2, O1, and Q1 tidal constituents is 0.2 mm, and for the S2 constituent it is 0.5 mm, while the accuracy of the GPS-estimated K1, P1, and K2 tidal constituents is weak because these three tidal constituents are affected by significant common-mode errors. These results suggest that GPS KPPP can be used to precisely constrain the Earth’s vertical tidal displacement in the M2, N2, O1, and Q1 tidal frequencies.

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Determination of vertical displacements over the coastal area of Korea due to the ocean tide loading using GPS observations

Cited by 12 publications

References 12 publications

Ocean tide loading displacements in western Europe: 1. Validation of kinematic GPS estimates

Ocean tide loading displacements in western Europe: 1. Validation of kinematic GPS estimates

Ocean Tide Loading Displacement Parameters Estimated From GNSS-Derived Coordinate Time Series Considering the Effect of Mass Loading in Hong Kong

Accurate Evaluation of Vertical Tidal Displacement Determined by GPS Kinematic Precise Point Positioning: A Case Study of Hong Kong

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