Determination of trace amounts of germanium in food and fruit by spectrophotometry with p-methybenzeneazosalicylflurone

Li, Zaijun; Huizhen, Liu; Zhou, Xin; Yuan, Rui

doi:10.1016/j.jfca.2006.04.009

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Average concentrations of Ge in natural biological samples are in the 0.1-1 mg kg -1 range (Fisher et al 1991), although somewhat higher values have been reported for clams, beans and thuna (Gerber 1988);Zaijun et al (2007) investigated Ge levels in rice, beans, egg, chicken and some fruit, and found levels of only 0.01 (rice, apple) to 0.07 lg kg -1 (horsebean). This contrasts work of McMahon et al (2007) who found in fresh vegetable samples obtained from the local supermarket total Ge concentrations ranging from 0.16 to 1.85 (potato) and even 2.78 mg kg -1 (garlic).…”

Section: Germaniummentioning

confidence: 99%

Germanium: environmental occurrence, importance and speciation

Rosenberg

2008

Rev Environ Sci Biotechnol

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This review discusses the various aspects of the bio-geochemistry of germanium, and of its technological, economical and environmental importance. Despite the relatively low annual production and consumption of this semi-metal (ca. 80 metric tons/a) there are important technological applications of this element in the semiconductor, infrared optics and fibre optics/telecommunication industries. A small, but not insignificant fraction of this element is used for the production of pharmaceuticals and nutritional supplements, although its actual merits have not been fully demonstrated yet, while they are opposed to chronic toxicity of the element when being administrated at relatively high doses for an extended period of time. Neither the exact mechanism of action in the case of cancer treatment or the treatment of infectious diseases is known, nor the reason for the toxicity of inorganic species of this element. In plants, Ge can partially substitute for B in the case of boron deficiency, although deficiency symptoms are still seen with a lag period of ca. one to three weeks. In biogeochemical respect, germanium and silicon react very similar, as if Ge were a very heavy isotope of Si. Their molar ratio is typically in the order of 0.6 9 10 -6 , with significant deviations only where germanium is complexed and transported, e.g., by humic-rich waters. Germanium is a very conservative element in biogeochemical terms: It hardly shows involvement in any biogeochemical reaction cycles and is mainly present in the form of complexes or hydroxo-compounds of the tetravalent germanium. The only naturally occurring organogermanium compounds are mono-and dimethylgermanium which are believed to be formed by microbiological activity in continental zones containing Ge-rich minerals, and then are leached into rivers, and finally into the open sea. It becomes evident that, although very sophisticated technological uses of germanium exist, a better understanding of its biogeochemical importance, cycling and reactivity must still be developed.

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Section: Germaniummentioning

confidence: 99%

Germanium: environmental occurrence, importance and speciation

Rosenberg

2008

Rev Environ Sci Biotechnol

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“…Более доступными являются спектрофото-метрические методики определения Ge(IV) с триоксифлуоронами (ТОФ) (предел определения колеблется от 0.1 нг/мл до 0.04 мкг/мл в зависимости от условий определения и типа ТОФ) [8][9][10]. Олово(IV) чаще всего определяют спектрофото-метрически по реакции с кверцетином [11], диацетилмоноксимом п-гидроксибензолил-гидразоном в мицеллярной среде цетил-пиридиния с пределом обнаружения 3.6 мкг/дм 3 [12]; экстракционно-фотометри-чески на уровне 2 мкг/дм 3 [13].…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Визначення Олова Та Германію З Нонілфлуороном І Полімерними Флокулянтами В Рослинних Матеріалах

Ivanitsa¹,

Klimkina²,

Chmilenko³

et al. 2016

Вісн. Дніпропетр. ун-ту. Сер. Хім.

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“…Various analytical methods for determining the trace and ultratrace levels of germanium in medicine [4], food [5][6][7], water [8], and soil [5] have been reported, for example, inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) connected with solid phase extraction [4,8] and combination of hydride generation [9], graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy (GF AAS) [6,10], the spectrophotometric method [11], the hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry method [12], the luminol chemiluminescence flow method [13], and electrochemical methods [5,7,[14][15][16]. Among these methods, electrochemical methods show obvious advantages in accuracy, sensitivity, simplicity, low cost, and analytical speed [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Total Germanium in Chinese Herbal Remedies by Square-Wave Catalytic Adsorptive Cathodic Stripping Voltammetry at an Improved Bismuth Film Electrode

Zhong

Chen

et al. 2013

International Journal of Electrochemistry

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A catalytic adsorptive cathodic stripping voltammetric method on an improved bismuth film electrode (BiFE) for the determination of trace germanium in the presence of pyrogallol has been investigated. A well-defined and sensitive stripping peak of Ge(IV)-pyrogallol complex was observed at −0.79 V (versus SCE) in a 0.1 M acetate buffer solution (pH 4.8) at a deposition potential of −0.34 V. The reduction current is catalytically enhanced by adding KBrO 3 . The experimental variables and potential interference were studied. Compared with the BiFE plated in the solution prepared based on HAc-NaAc without trisodium citrate, the improved BiFE electrodeposited in the solution of HAc-NaAc containing trisodium citrate displayed a better electroanalytical performance for the determination of germanium(IV). Under the optimized conditions, the detection limit of Ge(IV) was 60 ng L −1 , and the relative standard deviation (RSD) was 3.73% at 5 g L −1 level ( = 9). This method was successfully applied to determine the total germanium in several Chinese herbal remedies.

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Determination of trace amounts of germanium in food and fruit by spectrophotometry with p-methybenzeneazosalicylflurone

Cited by 11 publications

References 14 publications

Germanium: environmental occurrence, importance and speciation

Germanium: environmental occurrence, importance and speciation

Визначення Олова Та Германію З Нонілфлуороном І Полімерними Флокулянтами В Рослинних Матеріалах

Determination of Total Germanium in Chinese Herbal Remedies by Square-Wave Catalytic Adsorptive Cathodic Stripping Voltammetry at an Improved Bismuth Film Electrode

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