Determination of total chromium in tannery waste water by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry, flame atomic absorption spectrometry and UV–visible spectrophotometric methods

Trace Determination of Chromium by Square‐Wave Adsorptive Stripping Voltammetry on Bismuth Film Electrodes

“…Quantification of chromium species can be achieved by optical techniques (such as X-ray fluorescence [1], UVvis spectrophotometry [2] atomic emission spectrometry [3] and, more commonly, atomic absorption sepectrometry [4,5]) as well as chromatograhic methods [6,7]. Among electrochemical techniques, the use of anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV) has been reported but its utility is limited by various interferences and the low electrochemical sensitivity exhibited for chromium species [8].…”

Chromium(III) Potentiometric Sensor Based on Para‐Tertiary‐Butyl Calix[4]arene

“…In order to reduce Cr(VI) to Cr(III) sodium sulfite and concentrated sulfuric acid was added to a 10 mL waste water sample and then the pH of the sample was adjusted at 4.0 by addition of 50 mL of 0.1 M potassium hydrogen phthalate and 100 mL of 0.1 M HCl (ionic strength of the samples and standards was adjusted by addition of the pure solid NaCl) and finally diluted to 100 ml by distilled water [28].Then, the potential of the resulting solutions was measured and with the help of the calibration curve, the concentration of Cr(III) was determined. The results obtained are compared with those obtained by using the inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry as a reference method [9,29].The results were evaluated statistically using the F-test and t-test (at 95 % confidence level) [30]. The t-test is calculated from equation…”

Multiple response optimization of sequential speciation of chromium in water samples by in situ solvent formation dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction prior to electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry determination

“…As the determination of trace concentration of Cr needs to reliable methods, a wide variety of spectrophotometry techniques such as flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (FAAS), inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) and electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS) have been used [5][6][7]. Due to the low concentration of analyte and matrix effects, especially for quantitative determination in the saline samples, often a suitable sample pretreatment step is required.…”