Determination of the stiffness of cellulose nanowhiskers and the fiber-matrix interface in a nanocomposite using Raman spectroscopy

Rusli, Rafeadah; Eichhorn, Stephen J.

doi:10.1063/1.2963491

Cited by 257 publications

(168 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Further, all electrospun fibres in the studies we focused on were reported to be randomly oriented, except for PEO electrospun fibres; however, the SEM images presented in this paper [17] show a few unoriented fibres as well. A Young's modulus of the CNCs is taken as 57 GPa [32].…”

Section: Micromechanical Modelling Of Tensile Modulus Of Composite Fimentioning

confidence: 99%

Orientation of cellulose nanocrystals in electrospun polymer fibres

et al. 2015

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Polystyrene and poly(vinyl alcohol) nanofibres containing cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) were successfully produced by electrospinning. Knowledge of the local orientation of CNCs in electrospun fibres is critical to understand and exploit their mechanical properties. The orientation of CNCs in these electrospun fibres was investigated using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Raman spectroscopy. A Raman band located at *1095 cm -1 , associated with the C-O ring stretching of the cellulose backbone, was used to quantify the orientation of the CNCs within the fibres. Raman spectra were fitted using a theoretical model to characterize the extent of orientation. From these data, it is observed that the CNCs have little orientation along the direction parallel to the axis of the fibres. Evidences for both oriented and nonoriented regions of CNCs in the fibres are presented from TEM images of nanofibres. These results contradict previously published work in this area and micromechanical modelling calculations suggest a uniform orientation of CNCs in electrospun polymer fibres. It is demonstrated that this explains why the mechanical properties of electrospun fibre mats containing CNCs are not always the same as that would be expected for a fully oriented system.

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Section: Micromechanical Modelling Of Tensile Modulus Of Composite Fimentioning

confidence: 99%

Orientation of cellulose nanocrystals in electrospun polymer fibres

et al. 2015

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“…Cellulose nanowhiskers (CNWs) have widely been investigated in nanocomposites [40--44] processing due to their biodegradability [45--47], biocompatibility [48,49] and superior mechanical properties (tensile modulus ~105 GPa for cotton based nanocellulose) [50].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of cellulose nanowhiskers on the flexural properties of self-reinforced polylactic acid composites

Hossain

Felfel

Rudd

et al. 2014

Reactive and Functional Polymers

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Abstract:Self--reinforced polylactic acid (SR PLA) composites incorporating cellulose nanowhiskers (CNWs) were produced by coating orientated PLA fibres with a polyvinyl acetate (PVAc)--CNW mixture as a binder prior to hot compaction at 95 o C. PLA fibres were produced with an average diameter of 11 (± 0.9) µm via a melt--drawing process at 180 o C. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images revealed that the CNWs imparted roughness to the PLA fibre surface. Cross--sectional examination of the SR PLA composites after hot--pressing confirmed that the PLA fibres had maintained their morphology.Incorporation of 8 wt% CNWs within the SR--PLA composites revealed an increase in their flexural strength (48%) and modulus (39%) compared to the control composite (flexural strength~82 MPa and modulus~3.9 GPa). In addition, whilst the control SR--PLA composite revealed quite brittle characteristics, the addition of CNWs and PVAc gave the self--reinforced composite a more ductile behaviour.

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“…Bacterial cellulose has long been a focus of research because, unlike plant-based cellulose, it is pure of other chemical species (lignin and pectin) and is synthesized as a continuous highly interconnected lattice (14). This makes the material mechanically strong [nanocellulose fibers possess tensile stiffness of between 100 and 160 GPa and tensile strength of at least 1 GPa (15,16)] while still flexible, biocompatible, and highly hydrophilic, capable of storing water over 90% of its total weight (17,18). Due to these properties, bacterial cellulose is commercially…”

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confidence: 99%

Engineering control of bacterial cellulose production using a genetic toolkit and a new cellulose-producing strain

Florea

Hagemann

Santosa

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

184

216

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Bacterial cellulose is a strong and ultrapure form of cellulose produced naturally by several species of the Acetobacteraceae. Its high strength, purity, and biocompatibility make it of great interest to materials science; however, precise control of its biosynthesis has remained a challenge for biotechnology. Here we isolate a strain of Komagataeibacter rhaeticus (K. rhaeticus iGEM) that can produce cellulose at high yields, grow in low-nitrogen conditions, and is highly resistant to toxic chemicals. We achieved external control over its bacterial cellulose production through development of a modular genetic toolkit that enables rational reprogramming of the cell. To further its use as an organism for biotechnology, we sequenced its genome and demonstrate genetic circuits that enable functionalization and patterning of heterologous gene expression within the cellulose matrix. This work lays the foundations for using genetic engineering to produce cellulose-based materials, with numerous applications in basic science, materials engineering, and biotechnology.

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Determination of the stiffness of cellulose nanowhiskers and the fiber-matrix interface in a nanocomposite using Raman spectroscopy

Cited by 257 publications

References 24 publications

Orientation of cellulose nanocrystals in electrospun polymer fibres

Orientation of cellulose nanocrystals in electrospun polymer fibres

The effect of cellulose nanowhiskers on the flexural properties of self-reinforced polylactic acid composites

Engineering control of bacterial cellulose production using a genetic toolkit and a new cellulose-producing strain

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