Determination of the spatial extension of the surface-plasmon evanescent field of a silver film with a photon scanning tunneling microscope

Adam, Pierre‐Michel; Salomon, L.; Fornel, Frédérique de; Goudonnet, J. P.

doi:10.1103/physrevb.48.2680

Cited by 58 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…This behavior is very different from that of a continuous thin metallic film. 2 In this case, the intensity near the metal-air interface is always greater in p polarization than in s polarization. By looking more finely at our results, we note that the intensity in the center of the pad is higher in p polarization than in s polarization, and that the oscillations around the pads are weaker around the dielectric pads than the metallic pads.…”

Section: ͑7͒mentioning

confidence: 92%

Near-field optical study of mesoscopic Au periodic samples: Effect of the polarization and comparison between different imaging modes

et al. 2000

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This paper presents a complete study, theoretical as well as experimental, of an electromagnetic field scattered by subwavelength metallic pads, allocated in a periodic manner on a silica substrate. The simulation of the far field and near field is obtained with the differential method. When the sample is illuminated in total internal reflection, the simulations show that the amplification of the electromagnetic field above the Au metallic pads depends on different parameters ͑wavelength, polarization of light, angle of incidence, and index of refraction͒. In this paper, we only consider the effect of the probe-to-sample distance and of the polarization of the illuminating light. As the experimental setup, we used the photon scanning tunneling microscope. If we compare these results with the calculations carried out with the dielectric pads, we show that the amplification is induced by the dielectric contrast between the metallic structures and their environment. Experimental results are presented in two different imaging modes. In the ''constant intensity'' mode, our experimental results are in excellent agreement with the simulations. Therefore, for a metallic sample analyzed in our experimental conditions, it validates the assumption that the signal detected is proportional to the square modulus of the electric field in the absence of the probe. We particularly show that if the polarization and the probe-to-sample distance are suitably chosen, dramatic localizations of the electromagnetic field are observed. We then present images obtained in the so-called ''two-wavelength'' mode, where two light sources illuminate the sample. The first beam is used for feedback regulation; it consequently allows a control of the tip motion, and permits us to determine the reference surface. By using such feedback regulation for this first beam, we are able to compare quantitatively the effect of the polarization on the field distribution of the second beam. The results are confirmed by the corresponding simulations. PHYSICAL REVIEW B15 DECEMBER 2000-II VOLUME 62, NUMBER 24 PRB 62

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Section: ͑7͒mentioning

confidence: 92%

Near-field optical study of mesoscopic Au periodic samples: Effect of the polarization and comparison between different imaging modes

et al. 2000

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“…22 Therefore, optical enhancement and subwavelength dimensions of these bright spots could be deduced only indirectly, from elevations of the probe over the sample surface. In addition, it is well known that PSTM images obtained in the constant-intensity mode can be rather misleading because of the strong influence of scattered waves propagating away from the sample 25 and the nonmonotonic behavior of the total optical field. 26 Note that alternative approaches, i.e., scanning in the constant plane or the constant distance modes, if chosen, should be also used very carefully: the first method is hardly suitable for deep surface profiles, 26 and the second one can produce topographically induced artifacts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct observation of localized dipolar excitations on rough nanostructured surfaces

et al. 1998

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Direct observation of localized dipolar excitations on rough nanostructured surfacesUsing a photon scanning tunneling microscope ͑operating alternatively at the wavelengths of 594 and 633 nm͒ with shear-force feedback we image the topography of silver colloid fractals simultaneously with a near-field intensity distribution. We observe that near-field optical images exhibit spatially localized ͑within 150-250 nm͒ intensity enhancement by one to two orders of magnitude. These bright light spots are found to be sensitive to the light wavelength, polarization, and angle of incidence. We relate the observed phenomenon to the localization of resonant dipolar excitations in random nanostructured aggregates.

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“…Furthermore, much effort has been concentrated on the experimental and theoretical investigation of these problems in connection with the recent development of near-field optical microscopy. [29][30][31][32][33] On the other hand, the configurations studied here could be extended to address equivalent configurations for guided-wave polaritons in dielectric gratings, which are of significant importance in related applications such as couplers, filters, and distributedfeedback lasers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coupling, resonance transmission, and tunneling of surface-plasmon polaritons through metallic gratings of finite length

Sánchez‐Gil

1996

Phys. Rev. B

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The Green's-theorem integral equation formulation is employed to study numerically the coupling into surface plasmon polaritons by illuminating a finite metal grating with a Gaussian beam from the vacuum half-space above the metal surface. A flat surface impedance boundary condition is used to simplify the scattering integral equations. The grating coupler period is chosen so that the first diffracted order excites a surface plasmon polariton and the zeroth diffracted order is the only radiating order. In particular, the surface magnetic field and the angular distribution of scattered intensity are calculated. These functions provide in turn the total intensity of the radiation scattered into the vacuum and the total power flow carried by the surface plasmon polariton, from which the energy balance is monitored. In this way, the zeroth order and coupling efficiencies are studied as functions of the angle of incidence 0 and the grating coupler height s c , with the aim of analyzing the influence of the length of the illuminated coupler. Our results show that, when the illuminated coupler length is decreased, the photon-surface plasmon polariton coupling resonance broadens as a function of both 0 and s c , and that larger values of s c are required to optimize this coupling resonance. In addition, the coupling geometry is exploited to obtain the reflection and transmission coefficients, and the intensity of the scattered volume waves, of a surface plasmon polariton thus excited that impinges on another finite metal grating, called a grating scatterer. Two frequencies of the incoming surface plasmon polariton are considered that lie very close to the lower band edge of the gap in the surface plasmon polariton dispersion relation for the infinite grating scatterer. If the frequency is in the band, a strongly oscillating, resonant behavior of the transmission coefficient as a function of the grating length is obtained. For a frequency in the gap, transmission is negligible unless the grating is short enough that the surface plasmon polariton can tunnel through it.

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Determination of the spatial extension of the surface-plasmon evanescent field of a silver film with a photon scanning tunneling microscope

Abstract: The radiation from a cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna (DRA)

Cited by 58 publications

References 8 publications

Near-field optical study of mesoscopic Au periodic samples: Effect of the polarization and comparison between different imaging modes

Near-field optical study of mesoscopic Au periodic samples: Effect of the polarization and comparison between different imaging modes

Direct observation of localized dipolar excitations on rough nanostructured surfaces

Coupling, resonance transmission, and tunneling of surface-plasmon polaritons through metallic gratings of finite length

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