Determination of the rare-earth elements in geological materials by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

Lichte, Frederick E.; Meier, Allen L.; Crock, J.G.

doi:10.1021/ac00135a018

Cited by 244 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…REE abundances reported by them are 10 -20% lower than the accepted values in most cases. Furthermore, Lichte et al 12 presented REE abundance data using ICP-MS with deviations of 2-50% from those obtained by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) and neutron activation analysis (NAA). In their analysis by ICP-MS, samples were analyzed directly following an acid digestion and Cd was used as an internal standard element.…”

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confidence: 99%

Precise Determination of Rare Earth Elements in Geological Standard Rocks by Inductively Coupled Plasma Source Mass Spectrometry

et al. 1988

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Akimasa MASUDARare earth element (REE) determinations with high accuracy and precision were performed on four geological standard rocks (JA-l, JB-l, -2 and -3) by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). In order to achieve this, internal standardization, matrix matching or separation of REE from the matrix elements are recommended. In these analyses, REE data obtained by ICP-MS show excellent agreement (within 5%) with those obtained by isotope dilution method using thermal ionization mass spectrometer. Among these analytical methods of ICP-MS, the most reliable data can be obtained by analysis using a sample solution free from matrix elements. Mass spectrometry using inductively coupled plasma as an ion source (ICP-MS) is a new technique for elemental and isotopic analysis.'-5 Simultaneous multielement determination of trace elements can be performed by ICP-MS, giving simple spectra and excellent low limits of detection. These advantages are promoting wide application of ICP-MS to various analytical studies such as trace element determination in geochemical samples. [6][7][8][9][10][11] Rare earth element (REE) determinations in geochemical samples have also been carried out by ICP-MS. Date and Gray' reported the measurement of REE in three standard reference silicate rocks (SY-3, GSP-1 and NIM-G) with no pretreatment except removal of silica during acid digestion. They showed relatively good agreement between REE abundance data obtained with ICP-MS and previously published data, the differences being generally 10 -40%. Longerich et al." studied the effects of ICP-MS instrumental parameters on the determination of REE and they determined REE abundances in standard rocks BCR-1 and SY-2 without preconcentration. REE abundances reported by them are 10 -20% lower than the accepted values in most cases. Furthermore, Lichte et al.12 presented REE abundance data using ICP-MS with deviations of 2-50% from those obtained by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) and neutron activation analysis (NAA). In their analysis by ICP-MS, samples were analyzed directly following an acid digestion and Cd was used as an internal standard element.Although these earlier papers have given an indication of the effectiveness of the ICP-MS technique for REE analysis, more precise data on REE are necessary for the strict interpretation of REE patterns in geochemical samples.Thus, in this paper, we perform REE determinations with ICP-MS by four different analytical approaches described later, aiming at establishment of a reliable analytical method.The REE data obtained by ICP-MS are compared with those obtained by a thermal-ionization mass spectrometric isotope dilution technique (TIMS-ID), which is currently considered to be a "bench mark" technique for REE analysis.

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Precise Determination of Rare Earth Elements in Geological Standard Rocks by Inductively Coupled Plasma Source Mass Spectrometry

et al. 1988

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“…Certain REEs form refractory oxides and hydroxides to yield small peaks for MOP, MOH+ and others because of their high metal-oxygen bond strength. [21][22][23] Mass numbers of these molecules sometimes coincide with those of other REEs of interest. For example, the peaks of 155Gd and 157Gd are obscured by the overlapping of oxide or hydroxide peaks of Ba, La, Ce, and Pr, which are very strong oxide formers.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Slurry Nebulization Technique for Direct Determination of Rare Earth Elements in Silicate Rocks by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry

Mochizuki

Sakashita²,

Iwata³

et al. 1989

ANAL. SCI.

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Direct analysis of silicate samples for the rare earth elements (REEs) by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) has been performed. Each finely ground sample (particle size <3 µm) was dispersed in 0.1% aqueous Triton X-100 solution and nebulized into an inductively coupled plasma. The resulting ions were detected by mass spectrometry. Parameters such as particle size, slurry concentration and argon carrier flow rate exercised a great influence on sensitivity, precision and accuracy of slurry nebulization/ICP-MS. Calibration curves were constructed using aqueous standard solutions. The extended dynamic range (EDR) detection system allowed the use of matrix element as an internal standard; this procedure was effective to correct the differences in sensitivity between the solution and the slurry methods. The optimum procedure was applied to the determination of REEs in standard silicate rocks of the Geological Survey of Japan. The precision ranged from 0.8 to 6.3 (RSD, %) for REEs contents of 0.13 -38 ppm. Detection limits of REEs were excellent (0.002 -0.02 ppm at the effective integrating time of 10 s). KeywordsSlurry nebulization, inductively elements coupled plasma mass spectrometry, silicate analysis, rare earthInductively coupled plasma (ICP) is now becoming accepted as an effective ionization source for subsequent mass spectrometric measurement. Comprehensive reviews have been presented by Date', Houk2 and Kawaguchi.3 In initial works on ICP mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), samples were generally introduced into ICP as aerosols of aqueous solutions; therefore, the dissolution of solid samples was required for many applications. This process is quite labor-intensive and time-consuming, especially for the analysis of refractory ceramic or silicate rocks.

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“…34 Lichte et al 35 made corrections mathematically for isobaric interferences from oxide ions and other diatomic and triatomic ions in the determination of rare-earth elements. They used cadmium as an internal standard to compensate for drifts in sensitivity.…”

Section: Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry A Review

Kawaguchi

1988

ANAL. SCI.

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Determination of the rare-earth elements in geological materials by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

Cited by 244 publications

References 7 publications

Precise Determination of Rare Earth Elements in Geological Standard Rocks by Inductively Coupled Plasma Source Mass Spectrometry

Precise Determination of Rare Earth Elements in Geological Standard Rocks by Inductively Coupled Plasma Source Mass Spectrometry

Slurry Nebulization Technique for Direct Determination of Rare Earth Elements in Silicate Rocks by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry

Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry A Review

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