Determination of the health state of fuel cell vehicle for a clean transportation

Abstract

The penetration of Fuel Cell vehicle in a large scale market requires efficiency, long life cycle use and health state monitoring of the key powertrain element: the fuel cell stack. This paper presents three novel methods for an efficient and rapid estimation of the Electrochemical Impedance Spectrum (EIS) of the Fuel Cell. The EIS is a very useful technique for fault detection of electrochemical systems as FC. To perform EIS, measurements at high frequencies are quite easy and rapid to perform but the measurements at low (and very low) frequencies can take a long time to proceed. This long delay to obtain those low-frequency measurements can limit the applicability of the methodology, especially when considering that stationary operating conditions of FC are quite difficult to maintain, nevertheless required for guarantying the quality of the measurements. A method allowing an accurate estimation of the FC EIS at low and very low frequencies could be of a great interest to solve this issue. Authors present different FC EIS estimation methods in order to overcome the drawback of the EIS method used in the fault detection. The three different methods are validated experimentally and the performances are compared.

Effects of Oversaturated Cathode Humidity Conditions on the Performance Degradation of PEMFCs and Diagnostic Signals of Warburg Impedance under Low Humidity Conditions

“…Thus, many research groups have focused on developing and estimating each of the MEA components to enhance the performance and durability of PEMFCs. However, because a PEMFC system is a combination of multiple principles based on electrochemical, mechanical, and material engineering, it is necessary to estimate the performance and durability of the MEA systemically. − In particular, the problematic degradation of the MEA, which is caused by a convoluted mechanism during PEMFC operation, is a major obstacle to its commercialization with current technology − because it continuously decreases the energy efficiency and power density of the PEMFC. Indeed, the present PEMFC technology is still insufficient to meet the 80,000 h durability target of stationary systems as suggested by the U.S. Department of Energy (DoE), and the reason for this lack of lifespan is mainly due to the severe degradation (failure) causes related to the operation conditions of PEMFCs.…”

Application based multi-objective performance optimization of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell

“…However, in PEMFCs, there is a trade-off among performance criteria (Ayodele et al, 2018;Bukar and Tan, 2019). For example, increasing efficiency as a favorable change is accompanied by an increase in the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE), which is unfavorable (Becherif et al, 2018;Chen et al, 2019). Therefore, performing single-objective optimizations like the study of Kanani et al (Kanani et al, 2015) leads to partial results, and in order to acquire the best operating conditions, same as other energy systems (Sohani et al, 2019a;, multi-objective optimization (MOO) approach should be employed.…”

Optimal operation of an energy hub considering the uncertainty associated with the power consumption of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles using information gap decision theory

“…Similar to PHEVs, FCVs are considered to be a promising solution for overcoming the depletion of fossil resources whilst also reducing carbon dioxide emissions [11]- [13]. However, previous research has found that when a large number of PHEVs and FCVs are connected to existing energy systems, technical problems arise that affect the entire network [14]- [17].…”