Determination of the flight trajectory in terms of emission and fuel consumption minimization

Abstract

The present-day world is characterized by the intense development of air transport. However, along with it, significant problems appear. Among these problems, the most important are those relating to safety and negative impact of air transport on the environment. Air transport efficiency and profitability issues, although not critical, must also be taken into account because they decide about the intensity of development of this branch of transport. There are currently two large programs in Europe oriented at improving safety, environmental, and efficiency indicators. These are SESAR 2020 and Clean Sky 2, being a continuation of previous ones. One of the ways to reduce negative impact of air transport on the environment and improve its efficiency is to reduce fuel consumption and pollutants emissions resulting from fuel combustion. To find solutions with the abovementioned features, it is necessary to have sufficiently accurate models to estimate the amount of fuel consumed and the amount of pollutants emitted. Developing a sufficiently accurate model to determine fuel consumption and pollutants emission was performed. Due to the specificity of the missions carried out by passenger aircraft, the focus was on the cruise stage when aircraft flies at a constant altitude with a constant air speed. The result of the analysis was the development of methodology for fuel consumption and emission of main pollutants in cruise conditions. Specific fuel consumption is calculated for the thrust required for horizontal flight at cruising altitude. Emission indexes for CO, NOx, HC, and CO2 for the cruise have been determined based on known indexes for the landing and take-off cycle phase, after applying appropriate corrections. An illustration of the application of the developed methodology was the optimization of a medium-sized transport aircraft trajectory on a selected connection to determine a trajectory characterized by a minimum emission value taking into account weather conditions.

Wpływ pandemii COVID-19 na funkcjonowanie wybranych aeroklubów – badania pilotażowe

“…Publikacje te nie odnoszą się jednak do aeroklubów. Poruszają kwestie prac badawczych w zakresie nowoczesnych, innowacyjnych materiałów i powłok do produkcji samolotów oraz ich komponentów, jak również zagadnienia odnoszące się do silników turboodrzutowych i turbośmigłowych (opisujące parametry pracy silników, wpływ warunków otoczenia na osiągi samolotu), wytwarzania detali z zastosowaniem metod przyrostowych lub hybrydowych, prototypu pierwszego w Polsce statku powietrznego wykorzystującego ogniwa wodorowe do zasilania napędu elektrycznego -motoszybowca AOS -H2, zastosowania ogniwa paliwowego, nowych układów napędowych, takich jak napęd rozproszony (Orkisz, Wygonik, Kuźniar, Kalwara, 2019;Kalwara, Kuźniar, Orkisz, 2021), bardziej ekologicznych rozwiązań optymalizacyjnych w lotnictwie (Pawlak, Majka, Kuźniar, Pawluczy, 2018a, 2018b, 2020, zarządzania ruchem lotniczym, w tym planowania tras ruchu lotniczego (Samolej et al, 2021;Pawlak et al, 2018;Pawlak, Kuźniar, Majka, 2022), klastrów, m.in. lotniczych i kosmicznego (Stankiewicz, Mróz, Hajduk -Stelmachowicz, 2009;Bembenek, Frankowska, Myszak, 2020), technik kosmicznych, zarządzania bezpieczeństwem w lotnictwie (Michalski, Jurgilewicz, Kubiak, Grądzka, 2020) -także wobec wyzwań związanych z pandemią COVID-19 (Zboch, Hajduk -Stelmachowicz, Grzybowski, 2022), bezzałogowych statków powietrznych tzw.…”

The omnidirectional runway with infinite heading as a futuristic runway concept for future free route airspace operations

“…), capacity problems and delays related to the excessive demand for air transportation, and these cause a drop in the efficiency of the air transport system. This situation leads researchers to study these topics to overcome these negative effects and improve the efficiency of air transportation in a number of ways: fuel consumption (Turgut et al , 2014; Singh and Sharma, 2015; Sahin, 2019), delay reduction (Samà et al , 2015; Cai et al , 2017) and the minimization of emissions (Tian et al , 2018; Pawlak et al , 2021). These studies, generally, focus on conventional route structures and runway configurations.…”

Comparison of Pollutants Emission for Hybrid Aircraft with Traditional and Multi-Propeller Distributed Propulsion

“…Lowering the quality of the atmospheric air, and global warming are the phenomena caused, among others, by almost all means of transport. The dynamic development of legal regulations on the permitted level of pollutant emissions from the combustion products of hydrocarbon fuels forces the implementation of technological and organizational solutions to meet them [1]. Recently, it can be clearly seen on the example of air transport, for which many restrictions have been introduced in the zone of near-airport flights and traffic in operational zones.…”