Purpose The purpose of this study is to provide an alternative graph-based airspace model for more effective free-route flight planning. Design/methodology/approach Based on graph theory and available data sets describing airspace, as well as weather phenomena, a new FRA model is proposed. The model is applied for near to optimal flight route finding. The software tool developed during the study and complexity analysis proved the applicability and timed effectivity of the flight planning approach. Findings The sparse bidirectional graph with edges connecting only (geographically) closest neighbours can naturally model local airspace and weather phenomena. It can be naturally applied to effective near to optimal flight route planning. Research limitations/implications Practical results were acquired for one country airspace model. Practical implications More efficient and applicable flight planning methodology was introduced. Social implications Aircraft following the new routes will fly shorter trajectories, which positively influence on the natural environment, flight time and fuel consumption. Originality/value The airspace model proposed is based on standard mathematical backgrounds. However, it includes the original airspace and weather mapping idea, as well as it enables to shorten flight planning computations.
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to propose a solution of the engine bypass ratio choice problem of a very light jet (VLJ) class aircraft using the multiple objective optimization (MOO) method. Design/methodology/approach – The work focuses on the choice of one of the most essential parameters of the jet engine, that is its bypass ratio. The work presents the methodology of optimal designing using the multitask character of the matter which is based on the mathematical model of optimization in the concept of the set theory. To make an optimal choice of the chosen parameter, a complete computational model of an aircraftwas made (aerodynamic, power unit, performance and cost) and then the method that allows to choose the bypass ratio was selected, regardingmultiple estimating criteria of the obtained solutions. The presented method can be used at the concept design state for determining the chosen and most important technical parameters of the aircraft. Findings – The way to design a competing aircraft is to choose its design parameters, including the power unit, by using the advanced methods of MOO. The main aim of the work was to demonstrate a method of selecting chosen parameters of the transport aircraft at the preliminary design stage. The work focuses on the choice of bypass ratio of the jet engine of the VLJ. The method could be helpful at the preliminary design stage of a new aircraft to selection of other design parameters. Research limitations/implications – The exemplary calculations were made for 50 different transport tasks to take into account different performance conditions of the aircraft. The presented method can be used at the concept design state for determining the chosen and most important technical parameters of the aircraft. Practical implications – The work shows a practical possibility to implement the proposed method. The presented method could be helpful at the preliminary design stage of a new aircraft to select its design parameters. The results of the analyses are a separate point for further research and studies. Originality/value – The work shows a practical possibility to implement the proposed approach for design problems at early stages of product development.
The article is strongly related to the Single European Sky ATM Research (SESAR) project. The project's objective is the improvement of air transport above Europe 0. Since Air Traffic Management (ATM) is involved to obtain more effective approach to air traffic flow managing activities, the concept of Flexible Use Airspace (FUA) has arisen in result. ATM is a quite developed aviation's subdomain, therefore currently existing airspace state has been described briefly in the article, referring to the presented solution concept. The notion of Free Route Airspace (FRA) airspace model defined in this article relies on mathematical description. The selected approach clarifies airspace as a set of squares or cubes that have volumes with appointed values due to certain conditions in the considered time (i.e. traffic flow or weather). The model has to ensure facilitation of flight route planning and warrant aircrafts separation towards flight safety assurance. The concept assumes that this airspace model will provide assistance for airspace user to select essential flight plan criteria, such as economy, time, etc. The path will be appointed according to personal preferences, based on the model from which further elaborated algorithm will evaluate situation. The presented solution is a response to air traffic growth. Therefore it supports the SESAR project through research and development activities. The description proves that airspace model would create enhancement in flight planning for airspace users.
Among the most important problems currently faced by air transport, we can distinguish the adverse impact of aircrafts on the natu-ral environment, as well as the rising costs of transport. One of the possibilities to improve this situation is better adjustment of aircraft characteristics to the performed transport tasks, taking into account all the requirements and limitations that exist in air traffic and the adverse impact of air transport on the natural environment. It is reflected in the research tasks conducted under the SESAR program. The aspiration to minimize the adverse impact of aircrafts on the environment is executed, among others, through determining such trajectories that are characterized by minimal fuel consumption or minimal emission of harmful substances in the engines exhausts. These goals are corresponding with the research conducted and described in the paper. The main aim of the work was to analyse the impact of wind speed and direction on the emission of harmful substances of a jet aircraft performing a flight on a given route. For research purposes, the route between two Polish cities Gdansk and Rzeszow was considered. The distance between the two airports was divided into sections for which wind direction and strength were determined (read from the windy.com website). Next, the aircraft per-formance was determined and the fuel consumption and the amount of harmful compounds (CO2, NOx, CO and HC), emitted in the en-gines exhausts were determined for the route from Gdansk to Rzeszow (under favourable wind conditions) and on the return route – from Rzeszow to Gdansk (under unfavourable wind conditions). For comparative purposes, emission of these substances for windless condi-tions was also determined. The results are presented in tables and depicted in the graph, as well as discussed in the conclusions of the paper.
Nowadays, air transport is in an intense development phase. In order to optimize air communication and make it even more economical and environmentally friendly, attempts are made to undertake such activities as, e.g., SESAR project, which aims to develop and implement a modern ATM system. One of the parts of this project is the research on minimizing fuel consumption and emissions of pollu-tants in the engine exhausts. In the paper there is therefore presented the methodology for determining emission of those pollutants for the longest stage of the flight – the cruise phase. First, the value of the thrust required for the flight of an exemplary aircraft was deter-mined, and then the values of the engines trust and specific fuel consumption were computed. Additionally, it was necessary to determine the Emission Indexes (EI) of CO, NOx, HC and CO2 for the cruise phase, based on known such indexes for the LTO. Total emissions of these pollutants for the mission adopted to conduct research – a 1000 km long cruise – were determined. These emissions were computed for the exemplary aircraft per one kilometre, as well as per one hour of flight for various cruising altitudes and flight speeds.
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