Determination of the diversity and antibiotic resistance profiles of Staphylococcus species from dogs with otitis externa and examination of mecA gene occurrence

Abstract

ABSTRACT:The aim of this study was to determine the distribution of Staphylococci from swab samples of dogs with otitis externa and to determine their antibiotic resistance profiles, particularly methicillin resistance. For this purpose 116 ear swab samples were collected from 100 dogs and examined for the presence of Staphylococcus species by conventional culture methods. Antibiotic susceptibility of the isolates was determined by the disk diffusion test and for methicillin resistance, by PCR. Forty Staphylococci were isolated from 37 (31.9%) of the 116 ear swabs. Among the 40 isolates, 30 of them were coagulase-positive Staphylococcus species (CPS), while 10 (25%) were coagulase-negative Staphylococcus spp. (CNS). S. pseudintermedius (n = 11), S. aureus (n = 8), other not determined Staphylococcus spp. (n = 7), S. chromogenes (n = 7), S. schleiferi coagulans (n = 3), S. hyicus (n = 1), S. hominis subsp. hominis (n = 1), S. simulans (n = 1), S. saprophyticus (n = 1) were isolated. Results of the antibiotic susceptibility tests have shown that 60% of the isolates were resistant to sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim, 32.5% of them were resistant to erythromycin, 25% were resistant to clindamycin, and all isolates (100%) were sensitive to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and cephazolin. The majority of isolates (97.5%) were sensitive to ciprofloxacin and gentamicin which are frequently used in otitis externa treatment. It was determined that only one (2.5%) (S. hominis subsp. hominis) of the 40 isolates was resistant to methicillin and carried the mecA gene. We found 77% of Staphylococcus spp. to be resistant to one or more antimicrobial drugs, and 25% of Staphylococcus species were found to be resistant to three or more antimicrobial classes. Thus, multidrug-resistance as detected in our study should always be taken into account and close attention should be given to the antimicrobial therapy protocols of pet animals.

Microbiological and antibacterial resistance profile in canine otitis externa – a comparative analysis

“…A special attention should be paid on the substantial increase of Gram+ bacteria resistant to the combination amoxicillin/clavulanic acid. Our data for sensitivity to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid are comparable to those of De Martino et al (2016) and Saputra et al (2017), but significantly higher that rates reported by Robaj et al (2015); Metiner et al (2015); Dziva et al (2015) and Terziev & Urumova (2018). The established increase of resistance of staphylococcal isolates to aminoglycosides, although not as pronounced, exceeded several times the rates from other studies.…”

“…The established increase of resistance of staphylococcal isolates to aminoglycosides, although not as pronounced, exceeded several times the rates from other studies. For instance Dziva et al (2015) reported 17% resistance to gentamicin, De Martino et al (2016) -11%, andMetiner et al (2015) -only 2.5%. Only 1.1% of staphylococcal strains isolated from dogs were not sensitive to amikacin in the research of Saputra et al (2017).…”

Presence and antimicrobial resistance of coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated from animals in a Veterinary Teaching Hospital in Cyprus

“…On the other hand, except S. pseudintermedius, the isolation of the S. chromogenes, S. capitis, S. haemolyticus, and S. xylosus species representing MRCoNS together with S. aureus was similarly in full agreement with the results of Mallardo et al (2013). In respect to the canine strains (Table 4), the isolation of S. chromogenes, S. epidermidis and S. haemolyticus was regarded to be in concordance with the results of Kern and Perreten (2013) and Metiner et al (2015), where, in contrast to the findings of Ruzauskas et al (2014), no MRSH was isolated from the dogs. The differences observed in the species distribution and antimicrobial resistance patterns of MRCoNS were mainly attributed to the ecological diversity of the microbiota of the local animal populations and the environment, the discrepancies in the geographical sampling area, and to some extent, disparities in the used bacteriological methods.…”

“…The presence and antibiotic resistance profiles of CoNS in diseased and/or healthy companion animals have also been studied by many researchers (Karakulska et al 2012;Kern and Perreten 2013;Mallardo et al 2013;Ruzauskas et al 2014;Metiner et al 2015;Qekwana et al 2017;Siugzdaite https://doi.org/10.17221/166/2019-VETMED as S. chromogenes, S. capitis, S. haemolyticus and S. xylosus, and the canine isolates were identified as S. chromogenes, S. capitis and S. epidermidis. All the MRCoNS isolates showed relatively high levels of resistance towards amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (75.0%), tetracycline (37.5%) and penicillin (37.5%), followed by the other tested antimicrobials.…”

“…Ruzauskas et al (2014) have reported the isolation of 12 methicillin-resistant S. haemolyticus (MRSH) strains from dogs with varying resistance patterns to benzylpenicillin, erythromycin, gentamicin, tetracycline, fluoroquinolones and co-trimoxazole. Metiner et al (2015) have stated the isolation of S. chromogenes as the most prevalent CoNS from dogs with otitis externa, with a resistance profile of 60% of the isolates to sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim, erythromycin, and clindamycin. Siugzdaite and Gabinaitiene (2017) have reported the presence S. sciuri and S. warneri as the most prevalent MRCoNS species in clinically healthy dogs with high antimicrobial resistance rates against penicillin, ampicillin, oxacillin, erythromycin and gentamicin.…”