Determination of tetracycline and its major degradation products by chemiluminescence

Abstract

A fast and simple flow injection chemiluminometric method for the determination of trace amounts of tetracycline (TC) and its major degradation products epitetracycline (ETC), epianhydrotetracycline (EATC) and anhydrotetracycline (ATC) based upon the action of potassium hexacyanoferrate(III) in alkaline solution has been developed. The analytes can be determined with 10σ limits of quantification of 0.5 g for ETC, 2.0 g for TC, 0.01 g for EATC and 0.04 g for ATC. The sensitivity for TC is greatly improved by acidic degradation prior to the chemiluminescence (CL) measurement. The method developed allows measurement within the ranges of 0.040-2.0 g TC and ATC, 0.50-5.0 g ETC and 0.01-2.0 g EATC.

Magnetic solid phase extraction based on phenyl silica adsorbent for the determination of tetracyclines in milk samples by capillary electrophoresis

“…During recent years, the problems caused by antimicrobial residues in food have stimulated the development of analytical methodologies for the determination of TC residues at g kg −1 or g l −1 levels, such as microbiological assays [7], spectrophotometry [8,9], chemiluminescence [10][11][12], high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) [13][14][15] and capillary electrophoresis (CE) [16,17]. These techniques can be used individually or sequentially according to the complexity of the samples, the nature of the matrix and the target analytes.…”

Effect of pasteurization and storage on tetracycline levels in honey

“…Besides single-class methods, multi-class methods using LC-MS/MS (Alfredsson et al 2005;Huq et al 2006;Hammel et al 2008;López et al 2008;Pancorbo et al 2008), enzyme immunoassay (Heering et al 1998;PastorNavarro et al 2007;Jeon and Paeng 2008), spectrophotometry (Salinas et al 1991), flowinjection chemiluminescence (Pena et al 2000;Kaczmarek and Lis 2009), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC; Viñas et al 2004;Guo-Hui et al 2005;Li et al 2008;Sun et al 2009;Tayar et al 2010), and capillary electrophoresis (Nakazawa et al 1999) are also used for the analysis of TC residues in honey.…”

Determination of tetracyclines residues in honey using high-performance liquid chromatography with potassium permanganate–sodium sulfite–β-cyclodextrin chemiluminescence detection

“…Some countries do not have fixed MRLs for honey because TCAs are illegal for use with bees at any level, while some countries apply an action level of 50 ng/g. Many methods have been described for the determination of TCAs such as microbiological assay [4,5], enzyme immunoassay [6], spectrophotometry [7], fluorimetry [8], electrochemical detection [9], flow-injectionchemiluminescence methods [10,11], high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23], and capillary electrophoresis (CE) [24]. However, few methods are applied to determine TCA residues in honey, mainly due to the lack of sufficient sensitivity for practical application and the interferences suffered from honey complex matrix.…”