Determination of single particle mass spectral signatures from heavy-duty diesel vehicle emissions for PM2.5 source apportionment

Shields, Laura G.; Suess, David T.; Prather, Kimberly A.

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.01.025

Cited by 79 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Diurnal patterns of individual chemical compounds measured by ATOFMS are also shown in Figure 6. Particulate nitrate (e.g., 62 NO 3 − ) was primarily associated with aged sea salt and was found to peak during offshore winds in the early morning, which is the opposite diurnal pattern of κ, likely due to nitrogen oxide emissions associated with morning traffic. Notably, the chloride ( 35 Cl − ) to nitrate ( 62 NO 3 − ) ratio, shown in Figure 7, was found to peak in the late afternoon and evening due to onshore winds and increased wind speeds that enhanced the production of fresh sea salt.…”

Section: Diurnal Variability Of K and The Role Of Chemical Agingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The lowest hygroscopicities were observed during Inland transport conditions due to a lack of sea salt and the high number fractions of carbonaceous (e.g., soot and organic carbon (OC)) particle types (e.g.,~56% on average). OC measured during this campaign contained ion peaks indicative of aromatic compounds typically derived from the secondary processing of vehicle exhaust and industrial emissions (e.g., 51 C 4 H 3 + , 63 C 5 H 3 + , 77 C 6 H 5 + ) [61][62][63], indicating a combustion rather than a biogenic source. The highest values of κ were observed during Southerly/Mexico transport conditions, even though lower number fractions of sea salt and higher number fractions of OC and ECOC were observed compared to Oceanic and Mixed Coastal I transport conditions.…”

Section: Single Particle Composition Of Marine Aerosolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Cloud Nucleating Properties and Mixing State of Marine Aerosols Sampled along the Southern California Coast

et al. 2018

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Marine aerosols are a globally significant contributor to aerosol-cloud-climate interactions; however, the impact that different sources of pollution and natural emissions from the ocean have on the water uptake properties of marine aerosols remains largely underexplored. Here we present measurements of the cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) activation of marine aerosols taken in a coastal, marine environment impacted by sea spray aerosol and different sources of pollution. The hygroscopicity parameter, κ, was found to range from <0.1 up to 1.4 with a campaign-average value of 0.22 ± 0.12. Smaller particles were less hygroscopic than larger ones, and κ varied diurnally and temporally as a function of air mass transport conditions. Measurements made using aerosol time-of-flight mass spectrometry (ATOFMS) revealed that heterogeneous reactions, sulfates, and temporal differences in the observed particle types had the largest impacts on the observed κ values. The aerosol mixing-state was also found to affect κ. Temporal differences between freshly-emitted soot and aged soot internally mixed with sulfates, likely emitted from ships, had the largest impact on diurnal variations in κ. Our results further demonstrate the significant impact that pollution and the aerosol mixing-state have on aerosol-cloud interactions in the marine boundary layer.

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Section: Diurnal Variability Of K and The Role Of Chemical Agingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Single Particle Composition Of Marine Aerosolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Cloud Nucleating Properties and Mixing State of Marine Aerosols Sampled along the Southern California Coast

et al. 2018

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“…10 and 12). All three classes are commonly observed in roadside and dynamometer ATOFMS studies (Spencer et al, 2006;Suess and Prather, 2002;Shields et al, 2007;Sodeman et al, 2005;Toner et al, 2006;Toner et al, 2008). The EC-domestic class is characterised by positive ion mass spectra containing high signals for sodium and potassium (Fig.…”

Section: Elemental Carbon and Traffic Classesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Source apportionment of PM<sub>2.5</sub> in Cork Harbour, Ireland using a combination of single particle mass spectrometry and quantitative semi-continuous measurements

et al. 2010

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Abstract. An aerosol time-of-flight mass spectrometer (ATOFMS) was deployed for the measurement of the size resolved chemical composition of single particles at a site in Cork Harbour, Ireland for three weeks in August 2008. The ATOFMS was co-located with a suite of semi-continuous instrumentation for the measurement of particle number, elemental carbon (EC), organic carbon (OC), sulfate and particulate matter smaller than 2.5 µm in diameter (PM 2.5 ). The temporality of the ambient ATOFMS particle classes was subsequently used in conjunction with the semi-continuous measurements to apportion PM 2.5 mass using positive matrix factorisation. The synergy of the single particle classification procedure and positive matrix factorisation allowed for the identification of six factors, corresponding to vehicular traffic, marine, long-range transport, various combustion, domestic solid fuel combustion and shipping traffic with estimated contributions to the measured PM 2.5 mass of 23%, 14%, 13%, 11%, 5% and 1.5% respectively. Shipping traffic was found to contribute 18% of the measured particle number (20-600 nm mobility diameter), and thus may have important implications for human health considering the size and composition of ship exhaust particles. The positive matrix factorisation procedure enabled a more refined interpretation of the single particle results by providing source contributions to PM 2.5 mass, while the single particle data enabled the identification of additional factors not possible with typical semi-continuous measurements, including local shipping traffic.

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“…Fe-rich particles could be emitted through metallic industry, coal combustion, and biomass burning Guieu et al, 2005). Particle type V-rich is identified according to the strong signals due to vanadium (51 [V] + and 67[VO] + ), mainly attributed to emission from ship traffic (Ault et al, 2010;Zhao et al, 2013), and also to vehicle exhausts in minor fraction (Shields et al, 2007;Sodeman et al, 2005). Cu-rich is characterized by the presence of isotopic peaks at m/z 63 and 65, commonly associated with Na, K, Fe, Pb, chloride, nitrate, and sulfate.…”

Section: Mass Spectral and Mixing State Characteristics Of The Particmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of individual particles in the atmosphere of Guangzhou by single particle mass spectrometry

Zhang

Han

et al. 2015

Atmospheric Research

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Determination of single particle mass spectral signatures from heavy-duty diesel vehicle emissions for PM2.5 source apportionment

Cited by 79 publications

References 41 publications

The Cloud Nucleating Properties and Mixing State of Marine Aerosols Sampled along the Southern California Coast

The Cloud Nucleating Properties and Mixing State of Marine Aerosols Sampled along the Southern California Coast

Source apportionment of PM<sub>2.5</sub> in Cork Harbour, Ireland using a combination of single particle mass spectrometry and quantitative semi-continuous measurements

Characteristics of individual particles in the atmosphere of Guangzhou by single particle mass spectrometry

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Determination of single particle mass spectral signatures from heavy-duty diesel vehicle emissions for PM2.5 source apportionment

Cited by 79 publications

References 41 publications

The Cloud Nucleating Properties and Mixing State of Marine Aerosols Sampled along the Southern California Coast

The Cloud Nucleating Properties and Mixing State of Marine Aerosols Sampled along the Southern California Coast

Source apportionment of PM&lt;sub&gt;2.5&lt;/sub&gt; in Cork Harbour, Ireland using a combination of single particle mass spectrometry and quantitative semi-continuous measurements

Characteristics of individual particles in the atmosphere of Guangzhou by single particle mass spectrometry

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Source apportionment of PM<sub>2.5</sub> in Cork Harbour, Ireland using a combination of single particle mass spectrometry and quantitative semi-continuous measurements