Characteristics of individual particles in the atmosphere of Guangzhou by single particle mass spectrometry

A review of single aerosol particle studies in the atmosphere of East Asia: morphology, mixing state, source, and heterogeneous reactions

“…Mixture of sulfate, nitrate, and OM is the dominant species in individual particles and they likely determine particle mixing states in East Asia Bi et al, 2011;Fu et al, 2012b;Geng et al, 2010;Huang et al, 2013;Li et al, 2011a;Li and Shao, 2010;Naoe et al, 2012;Niu et al, 2011;Okada et al, 2005a;Shi et al, 2003;Shi et al, 2008a;Ueda et al, 2011b;Wang et al, 2010Wang et al, , 2013Wang et al, , 2009Zhang and Iwasaka, 1999;Zhang et al, 2013Zhang et al, , 2015Zhu et al, 2013). The results are agreement with other studies in the world (Adachi and Buseck, 2008;Anderson et al, 1996;Coz and Leck, 2011;Moffet et al, 2010;Pina et al, 2000;Posfai and Buseck, 2010;Whiteaker et al, 2002).…”

“…Because the chemical reactions of aerosols on the substrates completely changed their composition, morphology, and size, however, the methods can only be employed for selected, specific studies. The online ATOFMS can detect nitrate and shows that nitrate is internally mixed with sulfates in polluted urban air Whiteaker et al, 2002;Zhang et al, 2015).…”

“…On the basis of the different elemental, morphological, and mass spectra of single particles in East Asia, nine particle types including mineral dust, K-rich, sea salt, metal, fly ash, sulfate, nitrate, soot, and organic particles have been classified based on the studies from electron microscopy and mass spectroscopy during haze episodes (Bi et al, 2011;Fu et al, 2012b;Geng et al, 2011;Li et al, 2014b;Li and Shao, 2009b;Zhang and Iwasaka, 1999;Zhang et al, 2013Zhang et al, , 2015.…”

“…Their mass spectral characteristics indicate that they were similar to inorganic types, containing many metallic species, such as Pb, Cu, and Fe. The figure was adopted from Zhang et al (2015). images are acquired to visualize the distribution of single species on the surface (Table 1).…”

Seasonal Chemical Characteristics of Atmospheric Aerosol Particles and its Light Extinction Coefficients over Pune, India

“…In addition to this, they have capacity to change the radiative balance of the atmosphere by absorbing and scattering solar radiation. They also change the microphysical process of clouds and perform as ice nuclei (IN) and cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) (Ramanathan et al, 2001;Wan et al, 2015;Zhang et al, 2015). This phenomenon varies widely depending on particle size, characteristics and chemical compositions of APM (Muller et al, 1999).…”