Determination of select antidepressants in fish from an effluent‐dominated stream

Abstract

Increasing evidence indicates widespread occurrence of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in municipal effluent discharges and surface waters. Studies that characterize the fate and effects of PPCPs in aquatic systems are limited, and to our knowledge, data regarding pharmaceutical accumulation in fish of effluent-dominated ecosystems have not been previously reported. In the present study, fish populations were sampled from a reference stream and an effluent-dominated stream in north Texas, USA. Lepomis macrochirus, Ictalurus punctatus, Cyprinus carpio, and Pomoxis nigromaculatus were killed; the liver, brain, and lateral filet tissues dissected; and the tissues stored at -80 degrees C until analysis. Fish tissues were extracted using solid-phase extraction and then analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in the negative chemical ionization mode. The selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) fluoxetine and sertraline and the SSRI metabolites norfluoxetine and desmethylsertraline were detected at levels greater than 0.1 ng/g in all tissues examined from fish residing in a municipal effluent-dominated stream. To our knowledge, the present study is the first report of SSRI residues in fish residing within municipal effluent-dominated systems.

Bioaccumulation and trophic dilution of human pharmaceuticals across trophic positions of an effluent-dependent wadeable stream

“…Brooks et al [7] then identified bioaccumulation of selective serotonin reuptake inhibiting (SSRI) antidepressants by fish from an effluent-dominated stream in north Texas, USA. These antidepressants were targeted for study because of high volume of distribution (V D ) values, elevated lipophilicity (e.g.…”

Contaminants of legacy and emerging concern in largescale suckers (Catostomus macrocheilus) and the foodweb in the lower Columbia River, Oregon and Washington, USA

“…In some species of vertebrates, PBDEs alter thyroid function, reduce sperm counts, and delay sperm maturation by interfering with androgen synthesis (Kuriyama et al, 2005). Contaminants of emerging concern (CECs), which include PBDEs, are present in many waters of the U.S. (Kolpin et al, 2002;Focazio et al, 2008), including effluent reaching the Columbia River (Morace, 2012) and in sediments of the LCR , and some of those compounds accumulate in fish tissue (Brooks et al, 2005;Ramirez et al, 2009;Schultz et al, 2010).…”

Pharmaceutical pollution of aquatic environment: an emerging and enormous challenge

“…Some antibiotics, particularly quinolones, can bioaccumulate at relatively high levels in molluscs (Li et al 2012). Anti-depressants were also found to bioaccumulate in periphyton, snails (Du et al 2015), benthic invertebrates (Grabicova et al 2015), bivalves (Bringolf et al 2010) and the muscles of fish species used for human consumption (Brooks et al 2005). It should be noted that some APIs may easily be transferred through the trophic route, although their bioaccumulation in fish may be low due to efficient liver metabolism.…”