Contaminants of legacy and emerging concern in largescale suckers (Catostomus macrocheilus) and the foodweb in the lower Columbia River, Oregon and Washington, USA

Accumulation of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in the brain compared with the levels in other tissues among different vertebrates from an e-waste recycling site

“…In the present study, our observation of comparable or slightly higher concentrations in fish brains than in fish livers suggests that the high accumulation of PBDEs in the fish brain results from a lack of protection by the BBB. In contrast to most studies, however, Nilsen et al (2014) recently reported that the levels of PBDEs in the brain were 2e3 times lower than levels in the liver in largescale suckers (Catostomus macrocheilus). The current data do not provide a reasonable explanation for the different findings concerning PBDE accumulation in the brain among fish species.…”

“…However, there is evidence that the BBB dose not completely restrict the entry of lipophilic pollutants, which may enter the brain via lipidmediated free diffusion or carrier/receptor-mediated transport (Baron et al, 2015;Pardridge, 2012). PBDEs have been detected in brain tissues from several wildlife species, including fish (Barni et al, 2014;Nilsen et al, 2014), frogs (Li et al, 2014;Liu et al, 2011), river otters (Basu et al, 2007), birds (Voorspoels et al, 2006), polar bears (Gebbink et al, 2008), and dolphins (Baron et al, 2015). Generally, PBDE concentrations in the brain were lower than in other tissues, consistent with protection by the BBB against PBDE accumulation in the brain.…”

Reconnaissance of contaminants in larval Pacific lamprey (Entosphenus tridentatus) tissues and habitats in the Columbia River Basin, Oregon and Washington, USA

“…The tissue sample extracts were prepared by the procedure described in Nilsen et al (2014b); PLE settings, extract cleanup procedures, surrogate spiking solution, and internal standard solutions are documented therein. For sediment samples, two analyses were performed.…”

“…For sediment samples, two analyses were performed. First, sample extracts were prepared as described by Nilsen et al (2014b) and halogenated compounds were separated by capillary column gas chromatography (GC) and detected by negative ion mass spectrometry (MS), with ammonia as the reaction gas, using selected ion monitoring (Agilent Technologies, Model 5975 GC/MS). Then, a separate extraction was performed on all samples for analysis of 62 anthropogenic waste indicator (AWI) compounds; these extracts were prepared and analyzed by positive ESI gas chromatographemass spectrometry (GCeMS) using methods previously described (Burkhardt et al, 2005(Burkhardt et al, , 2006.…”

“…Recent research indicates the presence of a variety of contaminants in water (Caton, 2012;Alvarez et al, 2014), sediments (Counihan et al, 2014;Nilsen et al, 2014a), and biota (Caton, 2012;OHA EPH, 2013;Nilsen et al, 2014b) in the Columbia River and its tributaries and has highlighted the importance of understanding their potential effects in the food web (Naiman et al, 2012;Nilsen and Morace, 2014) and relevance to human health (Harper and Harris, 2008). The role of water quality and habitat contamination in Pacific lamprey declines has not previously been studied and was the main focus of this effort.…”