Determination of Rh, Pd, and Pt in Polar and Alpine Snow and Ice by Double-Focusing ICPMS with Microconcentric Nebulization

Barbante, Carlo; Cozzi, Giulio; Capodaglio, Gabriele; Velde, Katja Van de; Ferrari, Christophe; Veysseyre, Audrey; Boutron, Claude F.; Scarponi, Giuseppe; Cescon, Paolo

doi:10.1021/ac981437g

Cited by 82 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Pt, Pd, and Rh were measured by ICP-SFMS with microconcentric nebulization, using a Finnigan Mat Element instrument (Finnigan, Bremen), as described in detail in ref 22. This technique, thanks to the extremely low noise signal and the very high ion transmission, is very attractive for ultratrace determination in environmental matrices (26,27).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This technique, thanks to the extremely low noise signal and the very high ion transmission, is very attractive for ultratrace determination in environmental matrices (26,27). In particular, it was recently demonstrated that snow and ice, due to the high purity of the matrix, are well suited for direct PGMs determination (21,22,28 as three times the standard deviation of the blanks, were 0.008, 0.08, and 0.02 pg/g for Pt, Pd, and Rh, respectively.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was then estimated from 30 consecutive measurements for a high altitude snow sample from the Italian-Swiss Alps in which PGMs concentrations are comparable to those observed in Greenland, as explained in detail in ref 22. Mean PGMs concentrations in the Alpine sample, relative standard deviations (RSD), and 95% confidence intervals (CI), from the 30 measurements were as follows: Pt: mean 0.17 pg/g, RSD 29%, CI ( 11%; Pd: mean 0.86 pg/g, RSD 28%, CI ( 10%; and Rh: mean 0.061 pg/g, RSD 27%, CI ( 10% (22).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Greenland Snow Evidence of Large Scale Atmospheric Contamination for Platinum, Palladium, and Rhodium

Barbante

Veysseyre

Ferrari

et al. 2001

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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279

143

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Since 1976 in the United States, Canada, and Japan, and later in other countries, the exhaust system of gasoline powered cars has been equipped with catalytic converters containing Pt and/or Pd and/or Rh. This has resulted in a very significant decrease in urban air pollution for various chemical species such as NOx, CO, and hydrocarbons. There has however been concern that their ever increasing use might lead to Platinum Group Metals (PGMs) becoming widely dispersed in the environment. From the analysis of Pt, Pd, and Rh in central Greenland recent snow and ancient ice using the ultrasensitive inductively coupled plasma sector field mass spectrometry technique, we show here that the concentrations of these metals in snow dated from the mid 1990s are indeed 40−120 times higher than in ice dated from 7000 years ago. The fact that such an increase is observed far away from populated areas at a high altitude location indicates there is now a large scale contamination of the troposphere of the Northern Hemisphere for PGMs. Pt/Rh mass ratio in the most recent snow samples is close to the same ratio documented for catalytic converter exhausts in a recent study, which suggests that a large fraction of the recent increase for Pt and Rh might originate from automobile catalytic converters

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Greenland Snow Evidence of Large Scale Atmospheric Contamination for Platinum, Palladium, and Rhodium

Barbante

Veysseyre

Ferrari

et al. 2001

Environ. Sci. Technol.

Self Cite

279

143

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show abstract

“…The data presented in the tables and figures for each sample correspond to the average of five scanned lines. 6,10,27,28 Interferents were measured but they are not a problem here owing to the relatively high PGE levels in the catalysts and the lower oxide interference when using laser ablation. 29,30 …”

Section: Catalyst Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of ageing on the distribution of platinum group elements and catalyst poisoning elements in automobile catalysts

Moldován

Rauch

Morrison

et al. 2003

Surface & Interface Analysis

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The distribution of platinum group elements (PGEs) and catalyst poisoning elements (Pb, Zn, P and S) on the surface of gasoline and diesel automobile catalysts was investigated within this study. Laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICPMS) provides both the sensitivity and the spatial resolution required for the surface analysis of sectioned automobile catalysts, and scanning along channels reveals the distribution of longitudinal changes in PGE and catalyst poisoning elements. Changes in catalyst surface features were studied for fresh catalysts and after ageing of the catalyst up to 80 000 km for both types of catalysts studied. The PGEs in the gasoline catalyst were found to decrease at the front of the catalyst after ageing, whereas the diesel catalyst presented a more constant loss along the catalyst. The fraction of poisoning elements (Pb, P and Zn for the gasoline catalyst and P and Zn for the diesel catalyst) retained by the catalyst is distributed non-uniformly over the length of the catalyst. This could indicate different ageing mechanisms for gasoline and diesel catalysts.

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“…These particles are most dangerous to people suffering from various respiratory tract diseases (e. g., asthma). Aerosol particles due to their toxicity are dangerous both to people living near the pollution sources and those who live farther because the finest particles are transported with air masses over long distances [1][2][3]. Therefore, the pollution emitted by anthropogenic sources becomes the problem not only of a separate town but also of a country, and thereby it is a global problem.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heavy metal penetration into the human respiratory tract in Vilnius

Valiulis¹

2008

Lithuanian J. Phys.

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The peculiarities of the aerosol particle deposition in the human respiratory tract depending on the particle size and the breathing rate have been analysed. The highest deposition efficiency (0.85) was determined for the largest particles (10-20 µm) and the lowest efficiency (0.28) for the finer particles (0.3 µm). The heavy metal amount penetrating into the human respiratory tract at a different breathing rate in Vilnius has been evaluated. It has been determined that the deposition efficiency of heavy metals in the human respiratory tract changes insignificantly with the increase in the breathing rate, and when the breathing rate increases threefold (from 10 to 30 L min −1 ) the efficiency decreases only by about 10%. On the average, about 60% of heavy metals in the inhaled air penetrate into the respiratory tract. The comparison of Pb, V, and Zn concentrations in Vilnius city with those at the Preila background station has shown that they differ up to two times. It means that the contribution to the pollution with these metals in Vilnius city is insubstantial, and there is no considerable threat to human health.

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Determination of Rh, Pd, and Pt in Polar and Alpine Snow and Ice by Double-Focusing ICPMS with Microconcentric Nebulization

Cited by 82 publications

References 30 publications

Greenland Snow Evidence of Large Scale Atmospheric Contamination for Platinum, Palladium, and Rhodium

Greenland Snow Evidence of Large Scale Atmospheric Contamination for Platinum, Palladium, and Rhodium

Impact of ageing on the distribution of platinum group elements and catalyst poisoning elements in automobile catalysts

Heavy metal penetration into the human respiratory tract in Vilnius

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