Greenland Snow Evidence of Large Scale Atmospheric Contamination for Platinum, Palladium, and Rhodium

Barbante, Carlo; Veysseyre, Audrey; Ferrari, Christophe; Velde, Katja Van de; Morel, Christine; Capodaglio, Gabriele; Cescon, Paolo; Scarponi, Giuseppe; Boutron, Claude F.

doi:10.1021/es000146y

Cited by 279 publications

(153 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The annual worldwide emission of Pt, arising solely from automobile catalytic converters, has been estimated at 0.5-1.4 tons per year (Barbante et al 2001). It has been suggested that c. 99% of the Pt released from VECs is in the metallic state, with only c. 1% present as oxidized Pt, presumably as PtO 2 (Schlogl et al 1987;Artelt et al 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complexation of platinum, palladium and rhodium with inorganic ligands in the environment

Colombo

Oates

Monhemius

et al. 2008

GEEA

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Platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd) and rhodium (Rh) are emitted by vehicle exhaust catalysts (VECs) and their concentrations have increased significantly in various environmental compartments, including airborne particulate matter, soil, roadside dust, vegetation, rivers and oceanic environments, over the last two decades as the use of VECs has increased. However, data on the chemical speciation of the platinum-group elements (PGEs) and their bioavailabilities are limited. In this paper, the thermodynamic computer model, HSC, has been used to predict the interactions of Pt, Pd and Rh with different inorganic ligands and to estimate the thermodynamic stability of these species in the environment. Eh-pH diagrams for the PGEs in aqueous systems under ambient conditions (25 C and 1 bar) in the presence of Cl, N and S species have been prepared. The results indicate that Pt, Pd and Rh can form complexes with all of the inorganic ions studied, suggesting that they are capable of mobilizing the PGEs as aqueous complexes that can be transported easily in environmental and biological systems and that are able to enter the food chain. Hydroxide species can contribute to the transport of PGEs in oxidizing environments such as road-runoff waters, freshwater, seawater and soil solutions, whereas bisulphide complexes could transport Pt and Pd in reducing environments. Ammonia species appear to be significant under near-neutral to basic oxidizing conditions. Chloride species are likely to be important under oxidizing, acidic and saline environments such as seawater and road-runoff waters in snowmelt conditions. Mixed ammonia-chloride species may also contribute to the transport of Pt and Pd in highly saline solutions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complexation of platinum, palladium and rhodium with inorganic ligands in the environment

Colombo

Oates

Monhemius

et al. 2008

GEEA

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“…For Pd, the concentration was still two times higher 50 m from the road (10 ng g −1 d.w.) than at the isolated site (5 ng g −1 d.w.), suggesting that the Pd background value was not reached before a distance of 50 m from the road. Pd particles are probably transported a long distance, as has been shown for PGE occurrence in alpine snow (Van der Velde et al, 2000) and remote Greenland snow (Barbante et al, 2001).…”

Section: Concentrations and Profiles Of Pge And Pah In Ryegrass Accormentioning

confidence: 67%

“…This deposition of Pd and PAH on the ryegrass comes from the atmosphere and demonstrates that Pd and PAH pollution occurs in all types of sites, even when the fodder is far from any sources. The Pd and PAH compounds could therefore be considered as ubiquitous in the environment and transported with particles and gases over long distances (Barbante et al, 2001).…”

Section: Concentrations and Profiles Of Pge And Pah In Ryegrass At Thmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pollution maps of grass contamination by platinum group elements and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from road traffic

Dan-Badjo

Rychen

Ducoulombier

2008

Agron. Sustain. Dev.

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-The increase in deposition of air pollutants such as the platinum group elements (PGEs) Pt, Pd and Rh, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from vehicles on plants has raised concerns about the risk for the quality of food and, in turn, for human health. Here, we report the first pollution maps of PGEs and PAHs at the agricultural scale. PGEs have recently emerged in ecosystems due to their massive use as catalysts in the automobile industry. PAHs are combustion by-products known for their carcinogenic properties. PAHs and PGEs emitted by vehicles can enter the food chain through deposition on plants growing near roads. Despite many investigations of PAHs and PGEs, knowledge on their spatial distribution near roads is very scarce. Here, we assessed their localization on the scale of an agricultural field close to a road with 7200 vehicles per day. While classical studies usually involve direct measurements of plants growing in the field, we used an alternative experimental approach to allow an unambiguous assessment of the pollution impact. Ryegrass (Lolium perenne) was first cultivated in pots in a closed greenhouse to isolate the plants from the outdoor atmosphere. Then, ryegrass pots were transferred to the agricultural field. The spatial distribution of PGEs and PAHs was assessed by placing ryegrass pots 0 m, 10 m, 25 m and 50 m from the road. This method thus allowed the measurement of PGE and PAH deposit from vehicle emissions during a known timeframe. After a one-month exposure, the PGE and PAH concentrations in ryegrass samples were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC), respectively. Our results demonstrate a significant effect of pollution by the outdoor atmosphere for Pd and PAHs. Indeed, the concentrations increased by a factor of 1.5 for Pd and by a factor of 7 for PAHs after one month's exposure in the isolated pasture. The results also demonstrate clearly the impact of road traffic. Indeed, the highest PGE and PAH concentrations were detected in ryegrass exposed at the road site. Pd and PAH concentrations decreased significantly up to 39% and 60%, respectively, from 0 to 50 m away from the road. The pollution maps show that the maximum depositions occur precisely along the road plan. The highest pollution levels of grasses of 23 ng Pd/g grass and 260 ng PAHs/g grass dry weight were recorded between 0 and 10 m on both sides of the road. Pollution maps should thus help to assess more precisely the impact of road traffic on food quality.Pt / Pd / Rh / PAH / ryegrass / spatialization / road emission

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“…Studies conducted by Barbante et al [15] showed that the spread of PGMs in the environment is rather a global process, despite some works asserting the low transportability of these pollutants. Therefore, it is important to study how these PGMs species may become chemically/ biochemically active and mobile in interactions with various environmental matrices under the changing weather conditions, in order to give a prediction on the possible hazards of PGMs for human health.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Graphene Oxide–Antimony Nanocomposite Sensor for Analysis of Platinum Group Metals in Roadside Soil Samples

Silwana¹,

Horst²,

Iwuoha³

et al. 2017

Graphene Materials - Advanced Applications

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The present study introduced a very sensitive and low-cost analytical procedure based on voltammetry to study platinum group metals in road dust and roadside soil matrices. Cathodic stripping voltammetry in conjunction with a reduced graphene oxide-antimony nanocomposite sensor and ICP-MS analysis were used to analyse roadside soil and dust samples. The results were processed to evaluate possible pollution in order to map the distribution of the PGMs along specific roads in the Stellenbosch area, outside Cape Town. The results revealed that within each site under investigation, Pd was more abundant than Pt and Rh using both voltammetric and spectroscopic methods. The AdDPCSV results obtained showed concentrations for Pd(II) ranging between 0.92 -4.0 ng kg -1 . For Pt (II), the concentrations ranged between 0.84 -0.99 ng kg . For Rh, concentrations ranged between 0.002 -0.26 µg kg -1 . The analysis showed significant levels of all PGMs in soil and dust samples analysed. Metal concentration in dust and soil followed the trend Pd > Pt > Rh using both voltammetric and spectroscopic techniques.

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Greenland Snow Evidence of Large Scale Atmospheric Contamination for Platinum, Palladium, and Rhodium

Cited by 279 publications

References 30 publications

Complexation of platinum, palladium and rhodium with inorganic ligands in the environment

Complexation of platinum, palladium and rhodium with inorganic ligands in the environment

Pollution maps of grass contamination by platinum group elements and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from road traffic

Graphene Oxide–Antimony Nanocomposite Sensor for Analysis of Platinum Group Metals in Roadside Soil Samples

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