Determination of reaction kinetics during vitrification of radioactive liquid waste for different types of base glass

Suneel, G.; Rajasekaran, S.; Selvakumar, J.; Kaushik, C.P.; Gayen, J.K.; Ravi, K.

doi:10.1016/j.net.2018.12.002

Cited by 17 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…These techniques are minimally destructive to the site and the costs of their use are lower compared to ex situ techniques. In situ vitrification has a number of advantages over other technologies, especially due to its ability to treat mixed waste, including soil with buried waste or tanks, dried sludge, tailings, sediments, organic waste, chemical waste, radioactive waste, and mixtures of hazardous and radioactive waste [16,19,22,25,35,36,47,51,55,[57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64]. The application of in situ techniques depends on the type of pollution, the conditions prevailing in the contaminated medium as well as the conditions prevailing at that location [20,21].…”

Section: In Situ Vitrificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the vitrification process of radioactive liquid waste, the waste is brought to the top of a pool of molten glass contained in equipment called Joule Heated Ceramic Melter (JHCM) [35,36,61,65,66,68]. In the work of Goel et al [61], the treatment of radioactive waste obtained from plutonium production and the melting rate of batch material were investigated.…”

Section: Application Of Ex Situ Vitrification Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vitrification as a method of soil remediation

Trifunović¹

2021

Zaštita materijala

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Various types of contaminated soil and hazardous waste that have a negative impact on the environment and human health can be treated with the vitrification process. This process is based on thermal treatment of contaminated soil or waste at high temperatures, with the addition of additives, whereby the soil/waste melts and a stable glass is formed. The resulting glass and glass-ceramic products have good mechanical resistance, chemically are resistant and immobilize contaminants, thus preventing their further negative impact on the environment. This paper presents a literature review of the vitrification process of different types of contaminated soil and hazardous waste.

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Section: In Situ Vitrificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Application Of Ex Situ Vitrification Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitrification as a method of soil remediation

Trifunović¹

2021

Zaštita materijala

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“…The gas evolution kinetics can be recorded using non‐isothermal thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), as shown in Figure A . To obtain the rates of successive and simultaneous reactions as functions of temperature, TGA curves are fitted with a suitable kinetic model, such as the n th‐order reaction kinetics . Considering multiple mutually independent reactions, we can write:

\frac{d α}{d t} = {false\sum}_{1}^{N} w_{i} A_{i} {()(, 1 - α_{i})}^{n_{i}} e^{- \frac{E_{i}}{italicRT}},

where α is the mass fraction of material reacted (or of gas released), the subscript i stands for the i th reaction, and W is the weight of reaction; ( W i thus represents the fraction of material reacted by the i th reaction).…”

Section: Kinetic Limited Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling batch melting: Roles of heat transfer and reaction kinetics

et al. 2019

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Development of mathematical models of heat and mass transfer in glass‐melting furnaces began in the 1970s and progressed rapidly with advances in sophisticated experimental/numerical techniques and increasing computational power. Today, practically all newly built or rebuilt furnaces are optimized with these models to meet stringent quality requirements, reduce the unit costs of manufacturing, or control emissions. One remaining hurdle is to model the batch‐to‐glass conversion accurately enough to reliably assess the glass production rate. This article summarizes two key aspects of the batch‐conversion modeling—the heat transfer and the kinetics of conversion—and reviews the current state‐of‐the‐art approaches to simulating them. We critically examine the advantages of the commonly used heat transfer approach, but also explain that its predictive capabilities are significantly restricted by the dependence of batch thermal properties on the time‐temperature history. We argue that kinetic approaches to the batch‐conversion modeling would offer a significant improvement when coupled with the heat transfer approach. Finally, we summarize key areas requiring further research on the way toward a realistic model of the batch blanket.

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“…This transformation occurs within the cold cap, a layer of batch that floats on the pool of molten glass. During the passage through the cold cap, the bound water is released and evaporated [11][12][13] ; inorganic salts melt [14][15][16] ; gases evolve from nitrates, nitrites, carbonates, sulfates, and organics [17][18][19] ; refractory particles dissolve in glass-forming melt [20][21][22][23][24][25] ; and evolving gases trapped in glass-forming melt produce primary foam. [26][27][28][29] The batch melting progress is investigated, typically at a constant heating rate, to determine the evolution of the chemical and mineralogical composition and the material properties as functions of temperature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of material properties on batch‐to‐glass conversion kinetics

Ferkl

Hrma

Kloužek

et al. 2023

Int J of Appl Glass Sci

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A recently developed model of the cold cap—the reacting glass batch (melter feeds) floating on molten glass in an electric glass melter—couples heat transfer with the feed‐to‐glass conversion kinetics. The model allows for determining the distributions of temperature and various properties within the cold cap. In the present study, this model is applied to four melter feeds designed for high‐level and low‐activity nuclear wastes. Profiles of temperature, conversion degree, cold cap porosity and density, condensed matter velocity, and heating rate were determined using the material properties of the cold cap. Effects of vigorous foaming at the cold cap bottom were considered. Density, thermal conductivity, and glass production rate strongly affect the cold cap thickness and the fraction of undissolved silica entering the melt under the cold cap. The heating rate profile in the cold cap is highly nonlinear, with high heating rates observed in the foam layer.

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Determination of reaction kinetics during vitrification of radioactive liquid waste for different types of base glass

Cited by 17 publications

References 15 publications

Vitrification as a method of soil remediation

Vitrification as a method of soil remediation

Modeling batch melting: Roles of heat transfer and reaction kinetics

Effect of material properties on batch‐to‐glass conversion kinetics

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