Determination of polymerization shrinkage kinetics in visible-light-cured materials: methods development

Watts, D C; Cash, A.J.

doi:10.1016/s0109-5641(05)80030-2

Cited by 248 publications

(135 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The extrapolated intensities in the sample surface were (301 ± 27) mW/cm 2 for Arabesk and (317 ± 6) mW/cm 2 for Grandio, indicating that more than one half of the introduced intensity is reflected at the surface. This is in line with findings of other researchers [41]. …”

Section: Light Transmission Measurementssupporting

confidence: 94%

“…Since the development of VLC dental restoratives numerous studies have investigated the curing kinetics [7][8][9][10][11], the degree of cure (DC) [11][12][13][14] and the depth of cure (DC) [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21]. In order to get a better understanding of the curing process and its dependency on curing parameters such as curing time, light intensity, resin formulation, initiator system etc., various test methods have been applied in real time curing investigations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most common techniques determine the curing-enthalpy via Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) [7,[22][23][24], the DC via Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) [3,4,[12][13][14], the shrinkage strain via dilatometric devices (e.g. bonded-disk method) [9][10][11][12]25], the shrinkage stress via stress-analyzer [13,26,27] and light transmission via radiometer [6,8,28]. This time-dependent data is the base for kinetic modeling of the polymerization and curing processes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dielectric analysis of depth dependent curing behavior of dental resin composites

et al. 2014

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Objectives. The aim of this study is to investigate depth dependent changes of polymerization process and kinetics of visible light-curing (VLC) dental composites in real-time. The measured quantity -"ion viscosity" determined by dielectric analysis (DEA) -provides the depth dependent reaction rate which is correlated to the light intensity available in the corresponding depths derived from light transmission measurements. Methods. The ion viscosity curves of two composites (VOCO Arabesk Top and Grandio) were determined during irradiation of 40 s with a light-curing unit (LCU) in specimen depths of 0.5/0.75/1.0/1.25/1.5/1.75 and 2.0 mm using a dielectric cure analyzer (NETZSCH DEA 231 with Mini IDEX sensors). The thickness dependent light transmission was measured by irradiation composite specimens of various thicknesses on top of a radiometer setup. Results. The shape of the ion viscosity curves depends strongly on the specimen thickness above the sensor. All curves exhibit a range of linear time dependency of the ion viscosity after a certain initiation time. The determined initiation times, the slopes of the linear part of the curves, and the ion viscosities at the end of the irradiation differ significantly with depth within the specimen. The slopes of the ion viscosity curves as well as the light intensity values decrease with depth and fit to the Lambert-Beer law. The corresponding attenuation coefficients are determined for Arabesk Top OA2 to 1.39 mm -1 and 1.48 mm -1 , respectively, and for Grandio OA2 with 1.17 and 1.39 mm -1 , respectively. For thicknesses exceeding 1.5 mm a change in polymerization behavior is observed as the ion viscosity increases subsequent to the linear range indicating some kind of reaction acceleration. Significance. The two VLC composites and different specimen thicknesses discriminate significantly in their ion viscosity evolution allowing for a precise characterization of the curing process even with respect to the polymerization mechanism.

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Section: Light Transmission Measurementssupporting

confidence: 94%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dielectric analysis of depth dependent curing behavior of dental resin composites

et al. 2014

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“…Unfortunately, measuring polymerization shrinkage in a clinically meaningful context is extremely difficult. Several experimental methods have been used to assess polymerization shrinkage including dilatometry, linear displacement, strain gauges, and the bonded disc method [8][9][10][11]. Each of these methods have advantages and disadvantages, but all are greatly influenced by the testing configuration (such as the direction of light, dimensions of the specimens, or specimen constraint) [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamics of composite polymerization mediates the development of cuspal strain

et al. 2006

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d e n t a l m a t e r i a l s 2 2 ( 2 0 0 6 ) 896-902 a v a i l a b l e a t w w w . s c i e n c e d i r e c t . c o m j o u r n a l h o m e p a g e : w w w . i n t l . e l s e v i e r h e a l t h . c o m / j o u r n a l s / d e m a Objectives. In the current study, we used electronic speckle pattern interferometry (ESPI) to measure tooth deformation in response to polymerization of five resin composites with a range of polymerization shrinkage. Our hypothesis was that composites with higher polymerization shrinkage should cause more cuspal strain as measured by ESPI.Methods. Standardized MOD cavities were prepared and placed into the ESPI apparatus before the cavities were filled with composites (n = 10). The ESPI apparatus was constructed to measure the out-of-plane displacement of the lingual cusps of the teeth during the polymerization of the restorative material. A thermocouple was attached to the specimen to monitor thermal changes throughout the polymerization process. Results. Experiments with empty preparations demonstrated that the ESPI technique wastemporally responsive and sensitive to dimensional changes. However, the correlation between polymerization shrinkage of composite resins and ESPI-measured tooth deformation was not straightforward. In particular, a flowable material did not deform the tooth significantly more that a conventional hybrid. Further, an experimental silorane material (with the lowest axial shrinkage) induced the least tooth deformation.Significance. We concluded that ESPI is a viable method for assessing cuspal strain induced by shrinkage of bonded composite restorations, but that polymerization shrinkage data may overestimate shrinkage-induced tooth deformation. The rate of polymerization shrinkage appeared to mediate the development of cuspal strain.

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“…The use of a linometer has merits such as simple and easy application, and it is unaffected by temperature [4]. It has been reported that there are significant differences in the magnitude of polymerization shrinkage among commercially available composite materials [1][2][3][4]6]. In these shrinkage measurement studies, randomly selected composite portions in a syringe were measured four to eight times.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Consistency in the amount of linear polymerization shrinkage in syringe-type composites

1999

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Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the composite resin in a syringe showed a consistent shrinkage through its content. Additionally, the amount of linear shrinkage was compared between materials.Methods: Five brands of syringe-type and one brand of carpule-type composite resins were used in this study. To each brand, two to three syringes were assigned. In the carpule-type composite, 15 carpules were used. The linear polymerization shrinkage was measured using a custom-made linometer. In this linometer, the amount of displacement of an aluminum disk, which was caused by the linear shrinkage of composite resin, was recorded by a computer every second for 90 s.Results: The syringe-type composites showed similar consistencies in the amount of linear shrinkage except one. The linear shrinkage of the carpule-type Tetric Ceram showed more consistency compared with syringe-type composites. The amount of linear polymerization shrinkage varied between materials.Significance: This investigation demonstrates that the use of carpule-type composites is recommended instead of syringe-types, because of the consistency in its linear shrinkage. The custom-made linometer provides an effective way to study polymerization shrinkage. ᭧

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Determination of polymerization shrinkage kinetics in visible-light-cured materials: methods development

Cited by 248 publications

References 27 publications

Dielectric analysis of depth dependent curing behavior of dental resin composites

Dielectric analysis of depth dependent curing behavior of dental resin composites

Dynamics of composite polymerization mediates the development of cuspal strain

Consistency in the amount of linear polymerization shrinkage in syringe-type composites

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