Gluma Dentin Bond is an adhesive system, where the primer contains 5% glutaraldehyde and 35% hydroxyethyl methacrylate. Practitioners have reported a strong desensitizing effect of the Gluma system on dentin. This study, thus, sought to evaluate the effect of this system on dentin using various microscopic techniques. 12 non‐restored human molars extracted for prosthodontic reasons were used. Prior to extraction the buccal cusps were removed such that a 2 mm × 2 mm wide dentin surface was exposed. The surfaces were treated in 6 ways: (1) application of Gluma 2 cleanser, Gluma 3 primer to which 0.1% w/v fluorescein was added, and Gluma 4 sealer; (2) as in (1) but treatment with H2O/0.1% w/v fluorescein instead of the Gluma 3; (3) as in (1) but without Gluma 2; (4) as in (1) but with application of 5% glutaraldehyde instead of Gluma 3; (5) as in (1) but without Gluma 4; (6) as in (1) but with application of 35% HEMA/0.1% w/v fluorescein instead of Gluma 3. Following extraction, 1 tooth per procedure was prepared for confocal laser scanning microscopy. The remaining teeth were fixed and prepared for SEM and TEM evaluation. In specimens of procedures (1) and (5), tubular occlusions could be seen to a depth of 200/μm. In specimens of procedure (4) tubular occlusions were found only to a depth of 50 μm. Such occlusions were not seen in control specimens (2), in specimens where the smear‐layer had not been removed (3), or following application of HEMA alone (6). It is concluded that glutaraldehyde can intrinsically block dentinal tubules. The septa in the tubules may counteract the hydrodynamic mechanism for dentinal sensitivity.
This survey evaluated acceptance of the Lightspeed canal preparation (LS) technique by Swiss practitioners. The technique was introduced to Switzerland in June 1994 and 10 other continuing education (CE) courses were held at the Zurich Dental School by July 1995. Acceptance was assessed by posting questionnaires to the CE course attendees. Of the 305 questionnaires posted, 177 (58%) were returned. Of the CE participants 80% had used the technique with 60% finding the method easier and 43% finding it quicker than their usual preparation techniques. Of the respondents 58% used the technique on all tooth types and 76% of the LS users had fractured an instrument at least once. Amongst others, fractures were caused by too much pressure (25%), incorrect insertion angles (17%) and by a complicated root morphology (15%). Fractures occurred high up on the instrument shaft (74%) and near the tip (7%). Working lengths were claimed by 62% to be easier to maintain by LS than their usual preparation techniques. Among the respondents 52% obturated LS prepared canals more easily and quickly compared with their usual preparation techniques. Only 10% of LS users would not recommend the technique, but those who would suggested that proper tuition was necessary to minimize the risk of instrument fracture. The LS technique was positively assessed by clinicians who attended the CE courses in Switzerland where endodontics is not accepted as a specialty.
The influence of dentinal fluid and of a number of stress procedures on the quality of the margins of class V restorations located in both enamel and dentin was quantitatively assessed in vitro with the aid of a scanning electron microscope. The materials tested were GLUMA 2000 experimental, Prisma Universal Bond 3, and Syntac, together with the fine hybrid composites supplied by the respective manufacturers (Pekafill, AP.H, and Tetric). All materials achieved over 95% of "continuous margin" in enamel before and after stressing. In dentin, the initial values, with as well as without dentinal fluid simulation, were situated between 93.2 and 98.2%. With GLUMA 2000 experimental after stressing, a "continuous margin" occurred in only 50.2%, but with Prisma Universal Bond 3 and Syntac, the value was 79.0%. The influence of dentinal fluid simulation was dependent on the dentinal adhesive used. The effects of the various stress procedures were not significantly different.
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