Determination of polybrominated diphenyl ethers and PBDD/Fs during the recycling of high impact polystyrene containing decabromodiphenyl ether and antimony oxide

Recycling of Postindustrial and Postconsumer Plastics Containing Flame Retardants

“…Several studies have applied multiple recompounding to defined FRepolymer systems [2,7,8]. Hamm et al [7] tested high impact PS equipped with antimony trioxide and decaBDE as flame retardants.…”

“…Hamm et al [7] tested high impact PS equipped with antimony trioxide and decaBDE as flame retardants. The formation of PBDD/F as well as the degradation of decaBDE was monitored.…”

Characterization of Some Real Mixed Plastics from WEEE: A Focus on Chlorine and Bromine Determination by Different Analytical Methods

“…Pre-treatment allows a complete dissolution of the polymer in an appropriate solvent, possibly at room temperature, in order to avoid the thermal degradation of BFR [11,12]. Alternatively, a solid-liquid extraction is often adopted along with a series of extraction procedures, such as those performed by shaking, ultrasonication, soxhlet, microwave extraction, pressurized solvent, and supercritical CO 2 [13][14][15][16][17].…”

Comparison and Optimization of Several Pretreatment Techniques for Determination of Decabrominated Diphenyl Ether in Polymer Samples by Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry

“…[15][16][17] Schlummer et al 15 applied gel permeation chromatography to purify the flame retardant additives including deca-BDE in polymer fractions of WEEE using HPLC-UV/MS. Gas chromatography using electron capture detection, mass spectrometry with electron impact ionization or electron chemical negative ionization mode [17][18][19][20] were commonly used for the analysis of PBDEs. Most reports were focused on the lower BDEs in the environmental samples and only a few studies had been reported on heavy molecular weight BDEs especially deca-BDE.…”